Separating Mixtures and Forming Solutions SC.5.P.8.2 and SC.5.P.8.3 Demonstrate and explain that mixtures of solids can be separated based on observable properties of their parts such as particle size, shape, color, and magnetic attraction. Investigate and identify materials that will dissolve in water and those that will not and identify the conditions that will speed up or slow down the dissolving process. Today, we are going to learn about mixtures and solutions. We know that different materials can be made by physically combining substances and that different objects can be made by combining different materials.

Mixture A mixture is two or more substances that are combined, but together they do not form a new substance. They can be easily separated. A mixture is two or more substances that are combined, but can be easily separated. Fruit salad and raisin bread are great examples of mixtures. Can you think of other mixtures? (Wait for student response.)

Separating Mixtures Funnel Magnet Boiling Mixtures can be separated using three methods: a funnel, a magnet, or by boiling. A funnel separates liquids from small solids. A magnet divides metals from nonmetals. Boiling separates solids from liquids through the process of evaporation. A funnel separates liquids from small solids. A magnet separates metals from nonmetals. Boiling separates solids from a liquid.

Choose the correct way to separate each mixture. Separating Mixtures Choose the correct way to separate each mixture. Paperclip and paper Vegetables and soup Nails and sand Salt Water Funnel Magnet Boiling Let’s see if you can select the correct method best used to separate each mixture. (Bring each picture on the screen and wait for student response.)

Methods of Separating Mixtures Sieving Magnetic Separation Sieving is a simple process for separating particles of different sizes within mixtures. The coarse particles are retained in the sieve while the fine particles are sifted through the small holes. Depending upon the types of particles to be separated, sieves or sifters with different sized holes are used. An example of a mixture that can be easily separated with a sieve, is sand mixed with gravel. The sand will pass through the holes while the gravel is collected in the sifter.   Magnetic separation is another method for separating solid mixtures. This method is used when one of the materials within the mixture has magnetic properties. A magnet attracts certain metals, such as, scissors, paper clips, iron fillings, steel screws, and iron nails. This technique uses a magnet to separate solids attracted to magnets from those that are not. Examples of mixtures separated using a magnet are: a mixture of sulfur and iron fillings, a mixture of paperclips and rubber bands, and a mixture of metal bolts and plastic fasteners.

Methods of Separating Mixtures Filtration Floatation Floatation is the process used to separate substances within mixtures based on their densities. The substances with lighter densities will float. The substances with heavier densities will drop to the bottom. Density is calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume. One way to compare densities is to estimate how thick or how heavy a substance appears to be in relation to other substances. Filtration is used to separate liquids from solids, by causing the liquid to pass through the pores of some material, called a filter. The liquid which has passed through the filter is called the filtrate. The filter may be paper, cloth, cotton, wool, or other porous materials. An example of filtration is using a coffee filter to separate coffee from the grounds.

Solution A solution is when two or more substances are dissolved in another substance. Unlike a mixture, a solution is when two or more substances are completely dissolved in another substance. In a solution, the particles of each substance are equally spread out, making it more difficult to tell each substance apart. Fruit juice is an example of a solution.

Mixtures and Solutions Place each item in the correct box. When one or more substances are dissolved in another substance. Two or more substances that are combined but can be easily separated. Muddy Water Cola Hamburger Salad Kool-A id Grocery Cart Coffee Mixture Solution Two or more substances that are combined but can be easily separated. When one or more substances are dissolved in another substance. Now that you know the difference between a mixture and a solution, let’s see if you can match each item under the correct category. (Pull each picture up on the screen and wait for student response.) Kool-Aid Coffee Salad Grocery Cart Cola Hamburger Muddy Water

Three factors that speed up the dissolving process Temperature Size of Particles Stirring There are three factors that speed up the dissolving process. Among these are increasing the temperature of the solvent (i.e. water), making the particles of the solute smaller (i.e. sugar cubes), and stirring the solution faster. All of these factors will help to speed up the rate of dissolving.