A joint production by the United States Power Squadrons (USPS) ® A joint production by the United States Power Squadrons (USPS) and the Canadian Power and Sail Squadrons (CPS-ECP)

Part 1 Section 1, Sailboat Rigs Section 2, Sail Plans Section 3, Boat Design and Hull Types Section 4, Standing Rigging Section 5, Sails Section 6, Running Rigging List of Sections of Part 1 of the Sail Course The Course has 4 Parts with Sections under the various Parts.

Part 1, The Boat Section 1, Sailboat Rigs ® Part 1, The Boat Section 1, Sailboat Rigs

Lateen Catboat Sloop Cutter Yawl Ketch Schooner List of sail rigs covered in Section 1

Sailboat Rigs are defined by: ® Sailboat Rigs are defined by: Masts • number • relative height • placement Sails • shape • distribution

• Single triangular sail. Lateen rig. • The simplest rig. • Single triangular sail. • On a yard suspended at its center of gravity by a halyard. Objective. Describe the sail plan on the lateen rig. Comment. A yard is a spar on a mast from which sails are set. It may be constructed of timber, steel, or from more modern materials, like aluminum or carbon fiber. Although some types of fore and aft rigs have yards, the term is usually used to describe the horizontal spars used with square sails. Figure 1–1 Lateen Rig

Catboat. Objectives • Single mast stepped all the way forward. • Large mainsail, and a long boom attached to the mast. • Boats are usually less than 25 feet and have a shallow draft. • The lack of a jib detracts from upwind performance Objectives • Describe mast position and sail plan of a catboat. • Tell the advantages and disadvantages of the sail plan of the catboat. Figure 1–2 Gaff-rigged Catboat

Figure 1–3 Marconi-rigged Catboat Catboat rig – Single mast located (stepped) forward at the bow Advantages Easy to handle Good downwind performance Disadvantages Poor windward performance - No head sail Figure 1–3 Marconi-rigged Catboat

Photo of a day sailer catboat Figure 1–4 Catboat

Describe the wishbone rig Figure 1–6 Wishbone-rigged Cruising Catboat Figure 1–5 Wishbone-rigged Catboat

A sailboard is wishbone-rigged

Figure 1–8 Masthead–Rigged Sloop • Mast stepped farther aft. Provides room for jib. • More sail controls are needed. • Versatility in sail selection • Good windward performance. • Very popular rig. Objective. * Describe mast position and sail plan of the sloop. Figure 1–8 Masthead–Rigged Sloop Figure 1–7 Masthead-rigged Sloop

Fractional-rigged Sloop Sloop Advantages - Optimum windward performance Sloop Disadvantages - More sails to control than Catboat Fractional-rigged Sloop

America’s Cup Racer Australia 21 in Sydney Australia Harbor

Figure 1–9 Cutter Cutter rig. • Mast stepped further aft than on a sloop (more than 40% aft of bow). • Two head sails, a staysail and a jib. • Individual sails not as large as on a sloop. • Sail reduction easier. Objective. • Describe how the cutter rig is different from the catboat rig and the sloop rig. • Tell the advantages and disadvantages of the cutter rig Advantages - Smaller head sails Jib not used in heavy winds Disadvantages Mast steeped further aft More hardware Reduced windward performance in light winds . Figure 1–9 Cutter

Yawl rig. • A two-masted sailboat with a mainmast and a mizzenmast. • The mizzenmast is stepped abaft the rudder post. • The mizzen can effectively provide balance going to weather. Objective. • Describe mast positions and sail plan of the yawl. • Tell the advantages and disadvantages of the yawl rig. Advantages Balances boat going to windward Disadvantages Small mizzen sail Three sail Racing rules have changes Figure 1–10 Yawl

Figure 1–11 Ketch Ketch rig. • A two-masted sailboat. • The mainmast is only slightly taller than the mizzenmast. • The mizzenmast is stepped forward of the rudder post. • The mizzen can effectively balance the helm when sailing without a main in heavy airs by moving the center of effort aft. • The disadvantage of the mizzen is its position being forward of the rudder post. Objective. Describe mast positions and sail plan of the ketch. Tell the advantages and disadvantages of a ketch rig. Advantages Good performance under Mizzen and Jib Larger sail area than Yawl Disadvantages Poor windward performance Poor downwind performance Three sails Mizzen in center of cockpit, Boom is over helm Figure 1–11 Ketch

Figure 1–12 Cat-Ketch without a jib Cat ketch has no jib.

Figure 1–13 Gaff-rigged Schooner Schooner rig. • Two or more masts, with the aftermost mast being the mainmast. • The schooner carries two or more headsails. • The schooner rig is low and sturdy. • Poor sailing performance to windward. Objective. • Describe mast positions and sail plan of a schooner. • List the advantages and disadvantages of the schooner rig. Comment. Advantages • Rig is low and sturdy • Used by small coastal traders and on larger long-distance freight carriers Disadvantages - Poor windward performance - Number of sails Figure 1–13 Gaff-rigged Schooner

Brigantine or Hermaphrodite Brig

Trimaram with a centerboard Note the dual masts.

Abaft Behind, aft of. Amidships In or near the middle of the boat. Bowsprit A spar that extends forward from the bow. Sails and rigging are attached to the bowsprit. Clew After lower corner of a triangular sail. On a spinnaker, the lower corner attached to the sheet. Foot The lower edge of a sail. Gaff Spar that supports the upper side of a fore-and-aft four-sided sail. Halyard Line for hoisting sails or flags. Hank Clip sewn to the edge of a sail and used to attach it to wire rigging, such as a forestay. Headsail Any sail flown forward of the mast. Spar Any shaft or pole for the attachment of a sail, such as the mast, boom, yard, or sprit. Tack The lower forward corner of a mainsail or jib or the corner of a spinnaker that is near the spinnaker pole. Also, with starboard or port, describes the side over which the wind passes. Also, to change course by turning bow through the eye of the wind.

End of Sail Slides, Section 1