How do mantle rocks melt ?

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Presentation transcript:

How do mantle rocks melt ? Adding water to the system: flux melting Decompress the rocks- decompression melting Heating Path 2 Path 3 Path 1

Magmatic activity and plate tectonic setting

Liquid line of descent

How do igneous rocks evolve? Fractional crystallization

How do igneous rocks evolve? Fractional crystallization

How do igneous rocks evolve? Fractional crystallization

Phaneritic Aphanitic Porhpyritic Glassy Vesicular Pyroclastic Igneous Textures Phaneritic Aphanitic Porhpyritic Glassy Vesicular Pyroclastic

Phaneritic Phaneritic – individual grains in an igneous rock are large enough to be identified without the aid of a microscope

Aphanitic – individual minerals are present in the igneous rock but in particles so small that they cannot be identified without a microscope

Porhpyritic Porphyritic-igneous texture referring to relatively large isolated crystals in a mass of fine texture (aphanitic) groundmass

Glassy textured igneous rocks are non-crystalline. Generally indicate very rapid cooling.

Vesicular –Texture characterized by Vesicles (holes, pores, or cavities) within the igneous rock. Vesicles are the result of gas expansion (bubbles). Bubbles can by filled by secondary minerals due to fluid infiltration (Amygdule).

Pyroclastic – composed chiefly of (variable) rock fragments.

Gabbro

Granite

Andesite

Classifying igneous rocks

Streckeisen diagram (1974)

How to classify a igneous rock Estimate plutonic or volcanic based on texture modal abundance of mafic vs felsic minerals (dark vs light colored) If M (%mafic minerals) is <90% use Streckeisen diagram Determine modal abundances K-feldspar, Plagioclase , Quartz, renormalize to 100%, plot in QAPF diagram.