Unit 11: Healthy Relationships and Sexuality Table of Contents: Lesson 3 Pregnancy and Birth

True or False? Answer the following statements with “true” or “false.”  Fetuses are able to hear outside sounds from within the womb.  Fetuses dream while inside the womb.  A newborn baby recognizes its mother by the sound of her voice.

Objectives:  Describe changes in the mother’s body during pregnancy.  Describe three factors that affect the health of both the mother and the fetus.  Summarize human development before birth.

How can a pregnant woman’s health habits affect the developing fetus?

A New Beginning  What is pregnancy? Pregnancy is the time when the new cell formed during fertilization grows and develops into a baby in the woman’s uterus.  What is the difference between an Embryo and Fetus? From the time that the ovum and the sperm unite until the end of the eighth week, the developing human is called an embryo. From the end of the eighth week until birth, the developing human is called a fetus.

Changes in the Mother’s Body  What is morning sickness and how is it caused? Some of the hormones produced by a pregnant woman’s body may make her nauseated. This response is called “morning sickness” and usually lasts for about 3 months.

What are some other changes that take place in the expecting mother?  Enlargement of the Abdomen Over the 9- month period, the woman’s uterus stretches to hold a full-sized newborn baby. This stretching makes her abdomen get larger.  Breast enlarge to produce milk  Legs may swell  Mood swings  Why mood swings?  Difficulty sleeping  Have to urinate more often

Nourishing the Fetus  What is a placenta? The placenta is an organ that grows in the woman’s uterus during pregnancy and allows nutrients, gases, and wastes to be exchanged between the mother and the fetus.  What is the umbilical cord? The umbilical cord is a cord arising from the navel (belly button) that connects the fetus with the placenta.  Drugs and the Fetus A mother can hurt her fetus’s health by taking drugs, drinking alcohol, or smoking.

The First Trimester  The first trimester is the first 3 months, or 12 weeks, of a pregnancy.  Organs Forming By the end of the first trimester, all of the major organs of the embryo’s body are formed.  At the end of the fourth week the embryo is 10,000 times larger than the original fertilized ovum.  Timeline:  Week 2: implantation in the uterus.  Week 3: most major organ systems have started to form.

The First Trimester – Timeline Cont.  Week 5: Facial features begin to take place.  Week 8: Muscle movement begins.  Week 9: Arms, legs, hands, and feet have formed. Now called a fetus.  Week 11: The internal organs have formed.

The Second Trimester  The second trimester is the fourth through the sixth month, or the 13th through the 27th week, of pregnancy.  Hair Forms By the end of the second trimester, a downy, soft hair covers the fetus’s body.  Second Trimester Timeline  Between Weeks 14 – 18: Doctor can tell gender of fetus.  Week 15: The mother may start to feel the fetus move.

The Second Trimester – Timeline Cont.  Week 17: The fetus reacts to sound.  Week 23: Eyelashes and eyebrows are visible.  Week 25: Eyes open  Week 27: The fetus can “practice breathe”

The Third Trimester  The third trimester is the last 3 months (7 through 9 month), or 12 weeks, of pregnancy weeks 28 to 40.  Final Development At the end of the ninth month, the baby is prepared to live outside the mother’s uterus.  Third Trimester Timeline  Week 29: Layers of fat form beneath the skin

The Third Trimester- Timeline cont.  Week 33: Organs fully functional  Week 35: The fetus responds to light  Week 40: The baby is born.

Birth  What Is Birth?  The passage of a baby from its mother’s uterus to outside her body is called birth.  Birth has three stages.  Stage One: The mother begins to feel contractions, (when the muscles in the uterus begin to squeeze and release gently). When this begins the mother is in labor. At this point the cervix begins to dilate, or open.

Birth Cont.  Stage Two:  The cervix continues to dilate, preparing for the baby to pass through.  Stage Three:  Once the baby is born, the placenta is no longer needed. The mother continues to have contractions to push the placenta out of the vagina.

Myth and Fact: Sometimes, doctors have to deliver a baby by a Caesarean section. In this procedure, the doctor surgically removes the baby and the placenta from the mother’s uterus.

Health of Mother and Baby  During pregnancy, a female should see a doctor regularly to check the health of the development of the baby.  These doctor visits also ensure the health of the mother.  Prenatal care consists of steps taken to provide for the health of a pregnant woman and her unborn baby.

Health of Mother and Baby  Prenatal care visits consist of:  Eating nutritious foods  Getting enough rest  Going to the doctor regularly  Avoiding the use of tobacco, alcohol, and all drugs not prescribed by the doctor.  Taking prenatal vitamins  Pregnancy can have many possible complications.

Homework: Answer the following questions. You can use these notes. You may go onto blackwellsdomain.weebly.com to look at the PowerPoint for extra help. You may also use the Health Book Pages: