The Matter of Facts!

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. Everything around us is matter! So what’s the matter? It’s a matter of fact(s)!

Identifying Matter What’s the matter?

Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance into something else. Color Hardness Taste Length Width Height Weight Mass Volume Density Ability to conduct heat, electricity, or sound Ability to become a magnet

Mass – The amount of matter in an object. Scientists use a balance scale to measure mass. The object’s unknown mass is compared to a known mass. Mass is recorded in grams or kilograms

Weight – A measure of the pull of gravity on an object. So…do you think your weight is the same on Earth as it is on the moon?

Your weight is approx. 6 times less on the moon because the gravitational pull is 5/6 less than on earth! So to find your weight on the moon, divide your weight by 6

What are some of the physical properties of these boxes?

Can you find ways to tell these apples apart?

Circumference The distance around a circle. Much like the perimeter, only around something round – like an apple!

Volume Volume – The amount of space an object takes up. Volume = length X width X height V = l x w x h expressed in cubic units Simple enough when it is a box, but what if the solid is irregular? What if you wanted to know the volume of an apple? What then?

Volume can be found by measuring Displacement Measurement of the amount of liquid that a solid displaces. 1cu 3 =1ml -

You can use a graduated cylinder such as one of these! How you ask?

When using a graduated cylinder to measure, you must be careful to measure the bottom of the level of liquid. This curved look of the liquid is known as the meniscus.

Density Concentration of Matter in an object Density equals mass divided by volume

States of Matter No, not those states, these states…..

3 States or Phases of Matter Solid: Has a definite shape Has a definite volume Molecules are very close together Liquid: Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container) Has a definite volume Molecules are a little further apart and vibrate a bit quickly Gas: Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container) Does not have a definite volume Molecules are very far apart and vibrate very quickly! Plasma (yes, this too is a state of matter, but you’ll learn more about this later!) No definite shape or volume Particles broken apart

The changing of the states or phases of matter

Changes in state are physical. They do not change the substance. Changes in state are reversible! Freezing - liquid to solid Melting - solid to liquid Boiling - liquid to gas Condensation - gas to liquid Sublimation - solid to gas Evaporation - when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become a gas

Melting and Boiling Points Melting Point & Freezing Point are the same! Boiling Point Temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Water boils at 100C or 212F Water freezes at 0C or 32F

Solution - Type of mixture in which particles of 2 or more substances are mixed and not easily separated. Mixtures Combination of 2 or more different kinds of matter that keep their own physical properties and can be easily separated.

Solubility - the ability to be dissolved. Solutions are not easily separated Sugar is soluble in water. Pepper is not!

Suspension - a mixture of liquids with particles of a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid. The solid may be separated from the liquid by leaving it to stand, or by filtration Examples: sand in water oil in water

Chemical Changes or Reactions of Matter Changes in which one or more new substances are formed are called chemical changes or reactions.

Marshmallow melting is physical change. Marshmallow burning is a chemical change

These are examples of chemical change or reaction because light or heat or both are produced. Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (Salt) Burning Candle

Reactivity - The ability of a substance to react chemically Clues that identify chemical change: Change in color Production of light Production of heat Production of a gas

Baking soda + vinegar = gas Carbon dioxide is produced Chemical Change Example!

Burning Candle - heat and light are produced Chemical Change Example!

Iron rusting is an example of chemical reaction or change A change in color occurs Iron conducts electricity Rust does not conduct electricity Different densities Different melting points Chemical Change or Reaction

Combustibility Chemical property of being able to burn.

Flame Test Used to identify substances based on the color of the flame they produce when burned.

Law of Conservation of Matter Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a physical or chemical change. The amount of matter is always the same.

The END for now….more madness to come later!