IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Los Angeles, September 27-29 2004 Antenna Actuation for Radio Telemetry in Remote Sensor Networks University of California.

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Presentation transcript:

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Los Angeles, September Antenna Actuation for Radio Telemetry in Remote Sensor Networks University of California at Los Angeles David Browne, Vishwa Goudar, Henrik Borgstrom, Michael Fitz, William Kaiser

Slide 2 Remote Sensor Networks Three characteristics: 1.Nodes deployed sparsely over large geographic regions 2.Nodes gather local data on a natural phenomenon 3.Nodes need to communicate sensor data Example: UCLA Broadband Seismic Network Array (Thanks to Igor Stubailo and John Propst for graphics.)

Slide 3 Remote Sensor Networks Goal: Enable telemetry of sensor data between nodes Benefits: ad hoc deployment self assembling self healing Limitations: Poor range Low energy efficiency Known solution: Radio telemetry over omni-directional or sector antenna Better solution: Highly-directional antennas with rotational actuation

Slide 4 Benefits of Directional Antenna azimuth azimuth & elevation Measured Path Loss: 40dB/decade is typical Range improvement: Omnidirectional: 80dB 130m 15dBi Directional: 80dB 750m Efficiency improvement: A link over 15dBi antennas is 1000x more energy efficient

Slide 5 Actuated Network Assembly Initial antenna orientation Antenna orientation after articulation

Slide 6 The First Contact Problem Missing information: Direction to other nodes. Search coordination Energy Considerations: search depletes energy global vs. local maxima Q: How to shorten the first contact search? A: coordination & geolocation.

Slide 7 Wideband vs. Narrowband Radios b Radio: 2.44 GHz 20MHz Bandwidth 100m range (omni) UCLA Narrowband Radio: 220 MHz 4 kHz 2 mile urban range (omni)

Slide 8 Search Strategies

Slide 9 Field Test Results

Slide 10 Field Test Conclusions Blind vs. Geolocation and/or Coordination  reduced search duration from 1.5 hours to 15min Coordination only  search times are independent of range. Geolocation only  excellent short range (0m – 500m) search times (10s)  exponentially deteriorating performance after 500m Coordination & Geolocation  excellent range independent search times (10s)

Slide 11 Conclusions on Directional Antenna Actuation Benefits common with omni/sector solutions ad hoc deployment self assembly self healing Advantages over omni/sector solutions: range energy efficiency Disadvantage: latency due to actuation latency due to actuation  Importance of minimizing search time.

Slide 12 What’s Next

Slide 13 End of Presentation Questions and Comments

Slide 14 Search Algorithms A. Blind Search (baseline) b radios search for >threshold coordinate. Exhaustive search for the global maximum. Upper bounds all strategies. B. Coordinated Search Coordination via LR radios. Nodes begin 180º out of phase. Nodes complete one rotation. Link guaranteed within one rotation. Lower bound for coordination. C. Blind Search & Geolocation Random walk (speed & dwell) b radios search for >threshold coordinate. GPS coordinates exchanged over radios for LOS alignment. D. Coordination & Geololation GPS coordinates exchanged over LR radios. Immediate LOS alignment.

Slide 15 (# Coordinates > Threshold) vs. Range

Slide 16 Strategy C Simulation

Slide 17 The Link Search Space Simulated Link Search SpaceMeasured Link Search Space