Activity #2: Plant Reproduction Objective: 1. Plant anatomy 2. Methods of plant reproduction

Plant Anatomy

Flower: Is for reproduction. - It has the plant’s sexual organs Stem: Supports the plant and carries water and nutrients Leaves: Receive sunlight and CO2 (photosynthesis) - Releases water and O2 Roots: Holds the plant in the ground - Absorbs water and nutrients

1. Stamen: Male parts of a flower - Anther (with pollen) and the filament 2. Carpels/ Pistal: Female parts of flower - Stigma, style and ovary (female sex cells) 3. Petals: Generally brightly coloured and attract insects. 4. Sepals: Are green/ leaf like and protect the flower. They are found below the petals.

Pollination 1. Self Pollination: pollen transfers from stamen to stigma on same plant 2. Cross Pollination: Pollen transfers from stamen on one plant to stigma of another. Insect Pollination: Bright coloured petals, scented flowers, nectar, sticky internal (in flower) stigma, stiff stamen, small amount of pollen, nectar lines on flower Wind Pollination: usually small, dull petals, no scent, long filaments (so pollen can blow away), external (outside flower) stigmas that are “feathery”

Insect pollinated

Wind pollinated flowers

1) The anthers is further from the flower than the stigma, so that insects rub against them when reaching into the flower tube; 2) The stigma sticks out from the flower and will catch the pollen from the same place on the insect body,

Fertilization Definition: The joining of sex cells Pollen grains germinate on the stigma, growing down the style to reach an ovule. Fertilised ovules develop into seeds. The carpel enlarges to form the flesh of the fruit and to protect the ovary After fertilization the petals and stamens wither and die.

Seed Dispersal Seeds are dispersed in many different ways: Wind Explosion Water Animals Birds Scatter

Germination Seeds need specific: - Temperature - Air conditions (oxygen) - Enough water Seeds will lie dormant until everything is perfect for them

Plant Growth For photosynthesis 1. Sunlight 2. Water 3. Temperature 4. CO2 Essential Minerals 1. Nitrates (yellow older leaves if missing) 2. Phosphates (Purple leaves if missing) 3. Potassium (yellow leaves and dead bits)