Oku o/kZu 1 Oku o`f). LFkkuh; dkjd (LOCALITY FACTORS) egRo 1- tyok;q dkjd ouLifr foHkktu dk vk/kkjA 2- ewY;oku iztkfr ds iqu#Riknu esa ck/kk igq¡pkus.

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Presentation transcript:

Oku o/kZu 1 Oku o`f)

LFkkuh; dkjd (LOCALITY FACTORS) egRo 1- tyok;q dkjd ouLifr foHkktu dk vk/kkjA 2- ewY;oku iztkfr ds iqu#Riknu esa ck/kk igq¡pkus okys izfrdwy LFkku dkjd dk irk yx tkrk gS] vkSj mldks nwj djus dk iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k lky dk iqu#RiknuA 3- lhfer dkjdksa (Limited factors) dk irk ftudh deh ou dh o`f) esa ck/kkA mnkgj.k vknZzrk dh deh & ou ds iqu#Riknu vkSj fodkl ij cqjk izHkko & flapkbZAvFkok o"kkZ ds ty dk iwjk YkkHk mBkus ds fy, e`nk dh rS;kjhA iyokj ;k eYp (mulch)

LFkku dkjdksa dk oxhZdj.k 1- tyok;q dkjd (climatic factor) 2- ry#i dkjd (topographic factor) 3- HkkSfed lfgr e`nk dkjd (edaphic factor including geology) 4- tSo dkjd (biotic factor) 1- tyok;q dkjd ouksaa ds iqu#Riknu rFkk fodkl ds fy, rki] ty] ok;q vkSj izdk’k vko’;d A tyok;q dkjd dk v/;;u rkieku] izdk’k] ok;q vkSj vknZzrk mi&’kh"kZdksa esa izFke nks vFkkZr rkieku vkSj izdk’k] lkSj fofdj.k ls izkIrA

tyok;q dkjd LkkSj fofdj.k (Solar radiation) lw;Z ls vkus okyh ÅtkZ vFkkZr fodj.k dk 42% Hkkx ijkofrZr gks tkrk gS vkSj bls,YohMks (Alvido) dgrs gSA 'ks"k gh gekjh i`Foh dks rki vkSj izdk’k nsrk gSA rkieku (Temperature) fHkUu LFkkuksa esa rki&eku fHkUUk & dkj.k v{kka’k (Latitude) rqaxrk ;k leqnzry ls ÅpkbZ (Altitude) leqnzry ls nwjh ok;q dh fn’kk ioZr rFkk muds <+kyksa dh fn’kk cknyksa dh mifLFkfr

tyok;q dkjd & rkieku rkieku dk egRo & dks’kkvksa dk foHkktu rFkk c<+uk,oa o`{kksa dk vkdkj c<+uk o`{kksa esa mRLosnu (Transpiration) izdk’k la’ys"k.k rFkk 'olu (Respiration) vkfn thou laca/kh dk;Z lw{e thoksa dh la[;k c<+uk & os vkWjxsfud ¼tSo½ inkFkkZsa dks lM+k nsrs gSa] ftlls ikni iks"kd nzO; eqDr gkssdj ikS/kksa dks miyC/k rkieku dh vf/kdrk ouLifr dh vusdrk dk ?kksrd & deh lhfer ouLifr dk dfVca/k Ekk/; okf"kZd rkieku ek/; tuojh rkieku fooj.k 1- m".k24 0­­­­­­ ls- ls vf/kd18 0­­­­­­ ls- ls vf/kd 'khr _rq ugha gksrh vkSj ikyk ugha iM+rk 2- miks".k ioZrh; 17 0­­­­­­ ls- ls 24 0­­­­­­ ls- rd 10 0­­­­­­ ls- ls 18 0­­­­­­ ls- rd 'khr _rq ekewyh ikyk dHkh dHkhA 3- 'khrks".k ioZrh; 7 0­­­­­­ ls- ls 17 0­­­­­­ ls- ls &1 ls- ls 10 0­­­­­­ ls- rd 'khr _rq fo’ks"k] ikyk vkSj dHkh&dHkh fgeikr Hkh 4- vYikbZu7 0­­­­­­ ls- ls de&1 0­­­­­­ ls- ls de'khr _rq dBksj] Hkkjh fgeikrA ouLifr foHkktu

tyok;q dkjd & izdk'k ikS/kksa,oa vU; ouLifr;ksa ij izHkko 1- i.kZgfjr (Chlorophyll) dk fuekZ.k rFkk izdk’k 2- eqq[k jU/kzks (Stomata) dh fØ;k’khyrk 3- o`f) ij izHkko 4- o`{kksa ds N=ksa ds vkdkj rFkk rus dh vkd`fr ij izHkko 5- iqu#Riknu ij izHkko izdk’k vko’drk ds vk/kkj ij iztkfr;ksa dka foHkktu izdk’k{ksih & izzpqj ek=k essa izdk’k dh vko’;drk A Nk;k lfg".kq & Nk;k esa thfor jgus rFkk fodflr gksrs jgus dh {kerkA Nk;k{ksih & de ls de viuh izkjafHkd voLFkkvksa esa vius lkekU; fodk’k ds fy, Nk;k dh dqN ek=k vko';d mnkgj.k & m".k ns’kh; vknzZ ir>M+h ouksa esa izdk’kis{kh & lsey] lkxkSu] lky] gYnw ¼,Mkbuk dkSMhZQksfy;k½] lSu ¼VfeZusfy;k VkseSUVkstk½] Nk;k lfg".kq & rqu] VsjksdkiZl eklZwfi;e] MycftZ;k ySVhQksfy;k] Nk;kis{kh & tkbfy;k] dqle ¼’ykbZpsjk vksfyvkstk½] tkequ] jksfguh ¼eSyksVl fQfyIihuSfUll½] dsfj;kA

tyok;q dkjd & ok;q Okk;q vf/kd nckc okys LFkku ls de nckc okys LFkku dh vksj dgha&dgha og cgqr Hk;adj pØokr (cyclone) ds #i esa ns’k ds vf/kdka’k Hkkxksa esa ekulwuh gokvksa ds cgus ls dkQh o"kkZ & Hkwfe lhapdj mls mitkÅA Okk;q dqN izdkj ds ikS/kksa ds ijkx.k (pollination),oa cht ifj{ksi.k (Seed dispersal) esa lgk;dA mnkgj.k & datw ¼gkSyksiVsfy;k½] ckSjax ¼gkbehuksfMfDV;ksu½] rqu] lsey vkfn ok;q ls gkfu;k¡ & [kqyh txg es gksus okys o`{kksa ij ok;q dk nckc & Å¡pkbZ esa NksVs vkSj 'kq.Mkdkj (tapering) rusA BaMh vkSj xje lw[kh gok,¡ ok"ihdj.k (evaparation) vkSj mRlosnu (Transpiration) dks c<+k nsrh& ikS/kksa ij lw[ks tSlk izHkko A o`{kfoghu {ks=ksa esa ok;q {kj.k (wind erosion)

tyok;q dkjd & vknzZrk rkieku ds lkFk feydj ou esa o`{kksa dh izfr gsDVs;j la[;k] mudh Å¡pkbZ] O;kl rFkk vk;ru o`f) fu/kkZj.k dk dkjd ikS/kksa dh nSfgd fØ;kvksa rFkk e`nk fuekZ.k vkfn dks izHkkfor e`nk fuekZ.k esa Hkh ty dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vknZzrk ds Lkzksr 1- o"kkZ] 2- fgeikr rFkk vksys] 3- vksl] 4- vknZzrk ds la?kuu (Condensation) 1- o"kkZ] o"kkZ ds vk/kkj ij rhu vapyksa ;k Hkkxksa esa foHkktu vapy dk uke leLr okf"kZd o"kkZ fe-eh- esa ouLifr dk fooj.k fDyUu (wet) 2500 ;k vf/kdfDyUu lnkgfjr ou vknzZ2500 ls de vkSj 900 ls vf/kd (i) fDyUu v)Z lnkgfjr o (ii) vknzZ iu>M+h ou (iii) 'kq"d ir>M+h ou 'kq"d900 ls defuEu xq.k okyk 'kq"d ir>M+h ou e#izns’kh rFkk vknZz e# izns’kh; daVd ou vkSj xqYe xqYe & iz/kkurk NksVs ;k ckSus o`{kksa rFkk >kfM+;ksa dh

tyok;q dkjd & vknzZrk o"kkZ dh fo'ks"krk,a ¼d½ fofHkUu LFkkuksa dh leLRk okf"kZd o"kkZ esa varj ¼[k½ fdlh LFkku dh leLr okf"kZd o"kkZ esa okf"kZd varj ¼x½ o"kkZ dk _rq&laca/kh forj.k 2- fgeikr rFkk vksys fgeikr ds ykHkdkjh izHkko vksys Qwy] Qy rFkk fctkSyksa ds fy, gkfudkjd rFkkfi vknzZrk ds lzksr #i esa egRo & e`nk dks ml le; vknZzrk tc o"kkZ _rq dk izHkko dkQh de 3- vksl vknZzrk dk,d {kh.k lzksr 'kq"d {ks=ksa esa ikS/kksa ds thou rFkk mudh o`f) Ikj cgqr vuqdwy izHkko 4- vknzZrk dk la?kuu fueZy LoPN jkf= esa vksl ugha dHkh&dHkh e`nk esa la?kuu (condensation) }kjk vknZzrk e`nk }kjk vknZzrk ds la?kuu ds vfrfjDr ] dgha&dgha o`{kkssa ds iRrs Hkh ok;qeaMy dh vknZzrk dk la?kuu

ry#i dkjd ry#i & HkkSfrd Yk{k.k & ry#i fdlh LFkku ds Hkwfery ds la#i] mldh mapkbZ <ky vkSj vfHkeq[krk dk o.kZu midkjd ¼1½ Hkw&i`"B dk la#i rkieku] ok;q] o"kkZ vkfn dks izHkkfor ¼2½ rqaxrk & LkkSj fofdj.k] rkieku] rFkk o"kkZ dks izHkkfor rqaxrk c<+us ds lkFk rkieku es fxjkoV ¼3½ <+ky <+ky viokg rFkk ty&fudkl dks izHkkfor <ky e`nk {kj.k rFkk e`nk dh xgjkbZ dks izHkkfor vfHkeq[krk ;k vukoj.k ry#i

HkkSfedh lfgr e`nk dkjd e`nk }kjk vius HkkSfrd rFkk jklk;fud vfHky{k.kksa ls yk, x, ikfjfLFkfrd izHkkoksa dks e`nk dkjd dgrs gSaA e`nk & Hkw&iiZVh ds lcls Åij okyk _rq {kfjr Lrj A mi foHkktu ¼1½i`"B e`nk & i`"B e`nk yxHkx iwjh rjg _rq {kfjr] foys; rRoksa esa ifjiw.kZ vkSj lkis{kr% vf/kd lekuqikr esa tSo inkFkksZa rFkk ckjhd feV~Vh okys i`"B Lrj dks dgrs gSa & 'kh"kZ e`nk Hkh & okru vkSj tM+ksa rFkk lw{e thoksa dh rhoz fØ;k’khyrk dk izns’kA ¼2½ v/kkse`nk & v/kkse`nk i`"B e`nk ds Bhd uhps okyk ml Lrj & viw.kZ#i ls _rq&{kkfjr & ftlesa foys; la?kVd] tSo&inkFkZ vkSj ckjhd feV~Vh cgqr deA

tSo dkjd 1- ikniksa dk izHkko ouksa dks uqdlku igq¡pkus okys ikni ijthoh vf/kikni vkjksgh yrk ;k csy gkfudkjd ikni 2- dhVksa dk IkzHkko ouksa Eksa fofHkUu izdkj ds dhV & dqN ykHknk;d vkSj dqN gkfudkjdA 3-euq"; dk izHkko fuoZuhdj.k rFkk vR;f/kd ikru nkckfXu 'kk[kk dkVuk PkjkbZ

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