V/;k; 3 xzkeh.k {ks= ij “kklu pykuk. caxky dh nhokuh feyus ls daiuh dks Qk;nk 12 vxLr 1765 dks eqxy ckn”kkg “kkg vkye f}rh; us daiuh dks caxky dh nhokuh.

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Presentation transcript:

v/;k; 3 xzkeh.k {ks= ij “kklu pykuk

caxky dh nhokuh feyus ls daiuh dks Qk;nk 12 vxLr 1765 dks eqxy ckn”kkg “kkg vkye f}rh; us daiuh dks caxky dh nhokuh iznku dhA daiuh dh lsuk dk caxky ij,dN= “kklu LFkkfir gksukA laiw.kZ jktuhfrd “kfDr daiuh ds gkFkksa esa vk xbZA uokc viuh vkarfjd vkSj ckg~; lqj{kk ds fy, daiuh ij iwjh rjg ls vkfJr gks x;kA daiuh lh/ks jktLo olwy djus yxhA daiuh dk iqfyl vkSj U;kf;d “kfDr;ksa ij iwjk fu;a=.k LFkkfir gks x;kA bfrgkl esa bl O;oLFkk dks nksgjh ;k }S/k ljdkj dgk tkrk gSA 1765 ls daiuh Hkkjrh; lkeku [kjhnus ds fy, fczVsu ls lksuk vkSj pk¡nh dk vk;kr djrh Fkh ysfdu caxky dh nhokuh feyus ls izkIr jktLo ls gh phtsa [kjhnh tk ldrh FkhA

daiuh dks nhokuh feyus ls caxky dh turk ij D;k izHkko iM+s\ caxky dh turk ij vR;kpkjksa dk c<+ukA Hkkjh ek=k esa caxky ls /ku fu’dkluA dkjhxj xkao NksM+dj Hkkxus dks etcwjA fdlku viuk yxku ugha pqdk ik jgs FksA 1770 esa iM+s Hk;adj vdky ls,d djksM+ yksxksa dh ekSrA [ksrh dk pkSiV gksukA

nksgjh ;k }S/k “kklu O;oLFkk dk vFkZ caxky esa daiuh dks nhouh feyus ls jktLo olwy djus dk vf/kdkj fey x;k ysfdu iz”kklu dh ftEesnkjh uokc vkSj mlds inkf/kdkfj;ksas dh FkhA ;kfu iz”kklu dh foQyrkvksa dk nks’kkjksi.k Hkkjrh;ksa ij rFkk ykHkksa dk mi;ksx daiuh djrh FkhA

LFkk;h cankscLr D;k gS\ 1793 esa daiuh }kjk bls ykxq fd;k x;kA jktkvksa vkSj rkyqdnkjksa dks tehankjksa ds :i esa ekU;rk bUgsa fdlkukssa ls yxku olwy dj daiuh dks jktLo pqdkus dk ftEek lkSaikA jktLo LFkk;h :i ls r; dj fn;k x;kA c<+rs mRiknu ls tehankjksa dks Qk;nkA Hkwfe lq/kkj dks izksRlkguA

LFkk;h cankscLr ds nq’ifj.kke jktLo dh mPp njsaA jktLo u pqdk ikus dh fLFkfr tehankfj;k¡ uhyke dh xbZ fdlkuksa dks yxku pqdkus ds fy, dtZ ysuk iM+rk FkkA fdlkuksa ds fy, neudkjhA Hkwfe lq/kkj dh vksj dksbZ /;ku ughaA fdlkuksa ds gkFkksa ls viuh iq”rSuh tehu fudyukA

egkyokjh cankscLr D;k gS\ gksYV eSdsath uked vaxzst }kjk rS;kj bl u;h O;oLFkk dks 1822 esa ykxw fd;k x;kA dysDVjksa }kjk xkaoksa dk nkSjk fd;k x;k]tehu dh tkap dh xbZ] [ksrksa dks ekik x;k vkSj jktLo dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA jktLo esa le; le; ij la”kks/kuksa dh xqatkb”k j[kh xbZ ajktLo bdV~Bk djus dk ftEek tehankjksa ds LFkku ij xkao ds eqf[k;k dks fn;k x;kA bl O;oLFkk dks egkyokjh cankscLr dk uke fn;k x;kA

jS;rokjh O;oLFkk D;k gS\ bl dks VkWel equjks }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k Fkk blfy, bls equjks O;oLFkk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bls fczfV”k fu;a=.k okys nf{k.kh Hkkjrh; bykds esa ykxw fd;k x;kA bl O;oLFkk esa cankscLr lh/kk fdlkuksa ls fd;k x;kA jktLo dh njsa cgqr Å¡ph gksus ds dkj.k fdlku jktLo ugha pqdk ik jgs FksA jS;r xk¡o NksM+dj Hkkx jgs FksA xkao ohjku gks x, FksA

;wjksi ds fy, Qlysa vaxzstksa us xzkeh.k bykds ls u dsoy jktLo olwy fd;k cfYd ;wjksi dh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls fdlkuksa dks Qlysa mxkus ds fy, Hkh etcwj fd;kA tSls & caxky esa iVlu] vle esa pk;] la;qDr izkar¼orZeku mRrj izns”k½ esa xUuk] iatkc esa xsgw¡] egkjk’Vª o iatkc esa dikl] enzkl esa pkoy vkfnA

Hkkjrh; uhy dh ek¡x D;ksa Fkh\ Hkkjr nqfu;k esa uhy dk lcls cM+k L=ksr FkkA uhy dk ikS/kk eq[; :i ls m’.kdfVca/kh; bykdksa esa gh mxrk gSA diM+k jaxus okys uhy dks gh ilan djrs FksA ;wjksi esa oksM uked ikS/ks ls feyus okyk uhyk jax Hkkjrh; uhy dh rqyuk esa cstku vkSj Qhdk yxrk FkkA fcVsªu esa vkS|ksxhdj.k dk ;qx “kq: gks pqdk FkkA diM+ksa dh jaxkbZ dh ekax vkSj rsth ls c<+us yxhA 1788 esa fczVsªu }kjk vk;kr fd, x, uhy esa Hkkjrh; uhy dk fgLlk dsoy 30 izfr”kr Fkk tks fd 1810 esa 95 izfr”kr gks x;kA

jS;r uhy dh [ksrh ls D;ksa drjk jgs Fks\ uhy dh [ksrh dsoy mitkÅ tehu ij gh dh tk ldrh FkhA ;kuh fdlkuksa dks viuh lcls cf<+;k tehu ij uhy dh [ksrh djuh iM+rh FkhA blds fy, cM+s cM+s Hkw [k.Mksa dh t:jr gksrh FkhA uhy dh [ksrh vkSj pkoy dh [ksrh ds fy,,d lkFk gy cSyksa rFkk etnwjksa dh t:jr iM+rh FkhA jS;rksa }kjk,d ckj dTZk ysus ij de ls de 25 izfr”kr tehu ij uhy dh [skrh djuh gksrh FkhA tehu ij,d ckj uhy dh [skrh djus ds ckn ml ij /kku dh [ksrh ugh dh tk ldrh Fkh D;ksafd bl ikS/ks dh tM+sa cgqr xgjh gksus ds dkj.k feV~Vh dh lkjh rkdr [khap ysrh FkhA

uhy fonzksg D;k gS\ ekpZ 1859 esa caxky ds gtkjksa jS;rksa us uhy dh [ksrh ls budkj dj fn;kA jS;rksa us ckxku ekfydkssa dks yxku pqdkus ls budkj dj fn;kA jS;rksa us ryokj] Hkkys vkSj rhj deku ysdj uhy dh QSfDVª;ksa ij geyk djus “kq: dj fn;kA ckxku ekfydksa ds fy, dke djus okyksa dk lkekftd cfg’dkj fd;k x;kA yxku olwyh djus okys xqek”rk,tsaVksa dh fiVkbZ dh xbZA

uhy fonzksg ds dkj.k uhy dh [ksrh vR;ar neukRed FkhA jS;rksa dks LFkkuh; tehankjksa vkSj eqf[k;kvksa dk leFkZu feykA ckxku ekfydksa }kjk eqf[k;kvksa ls tcju uhy ds vuqca/kksa ij nLr[kr djk, x,A yksxksa esa ;g [kcj QSy xbZ Fkh fd jkuh foDVksfj;k us uhy dh [ksrh u djus dk gqDe ns fn;k gSA dydRrk ds i<+s fy[ks fy[ks yksxksa jS;rksa dh nqnZ”kk] ckxku ekfydksa dh tksj tcjnLrh vkSj vR;kpkj ds ckjs esa fy[kkA

uhy mRiknu ds /kkjk”kkgh gksus ds dkj.k bl O;oLFkk dh tkap ds fy, uhy vk;ksx dk xBu A vk;ksx us ckxku ekfydksa dks nks’kh ik;k x;kA vk;ksx us ekuk fd uhy dh [ksrh jS;rksa ds fy, Qk;ns dk lkSnk ughaA vk;ksx us jS;rksa ls dgk fd ekStwnk vuqca/kksa dks iwjk djus ds ckn vkxs ls uhy dh [skrh djus ds fy, ck/; ughaA 1917 esa egkRek xka/kh us uhy ckxku ekfydksa ds f[kykQ vkanksyu dh “kq:vkr dhA bl izdkj ls uhy dk mRiknu /khjs /khjs /kkjk”kkgh gks x;kA