U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 2 REVOLUTION AND EARLY REPUBLIC

THE COLONIES ORGANIZE AND RESIST BRITAIN  Britain had borrowed so much money in defeating the French it had doubled it’s national debt  Britain needed the money somehow, and thought it would tax the colonists

THE STAMP ACT  Imposed a tax on documents such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards  Lawyers worked mostly with legal documents, also served in colonial legislature  British goods were boycotted

Boston Massacre  In 1770 a mob started taunting a group of British soldiers in Boston  The mob threw snowballs, possible rocks  The Soldiers fired into the crowd, and 5 colonists were killed.

The Boston Tea Party

 1773 – The Tea act devised to save the British E. India Tea company, allowing them to sell tea tax free.  This hurt colonial merchants  Boston rebels dressed up as native Americans and dumped 18,000 pounds of tea into the harbor

THE INTOLERABLE ACTS  King George tightened control over Massachusetts by closing Boston harbor and quartering troops.  Committees of correspondence formed  The intolerable acts resulted in the first continental congress.

 After the first continental congress was formed, New Englanders stepped up military preparations.  Minutemen – Civilian solders who pledged to be ready to fight against the British at a minutes notice.

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD  British General Gage sent troops from Boston to Concord to seize illegal weapons  Boston Colonists were watching – Paul Revere rode out to warn the minutemen.  At Lexington they ran into Minutemen. The first shot was fired by the Colonials but the British won the battle.  This first battle of the war was only 15 minutes

CONCORD – MINUTEMEN MASSACRED THE BRITISH Minutemen surround the 700 British

SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS  Called to debate the next move  Some called for reconciliation, others for independence  Ended up as the first national government, ran the army, funded the war and signed the peace treaty

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL  To break out of Boston, Gage attacked!

BUNKER HILL  Gage attacked Breeds hill  Colonists waited until the last possible moment, and attacked as the Redcoats came up the hill.  Colonists lost the hill, but the British had 1,000 men killed to only 450 Minutemen.  The deadliest battle of the war

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE  Thomas Jefferson  Taken from the ideas of Locke  All men are created equal  Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.

CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2  THE WAR  As they took on the mighty British Empire, colonists took on losses in the middle states  Loyalist – Opposed Independence  Patriot – Supported independence – Saw economic opportunity in independent America

OPENING BATTLE  Britain opens with an attack on New York harbor, carrying 32,000 men on ships  German Mercenaries know as Hessians employed by the British  Desperate for an early victory, Washington leads his troops across the Delaware, defeating a Garrison of Hessians.

WASHINGTON CROSSES THE DELAWARE

BRITISH VS COLONIALS  Strong, well trained  Loyalist support  Far away from home  On enemy ground  Home ground  Leadership of George Washington  Inspiring Cause  Untrained  No food or ammunition

Saratoga and Valley Forge  British sought to isolate New England by meeting up with troops in NY  Colonials surrounded them at Saratoga and ambushed the British  This convinced the French the Colonies could win the war and they formed an alliance

Winning the War  The raw continental army soon became an effective fighting force  17,000 French and American troops surround the British at Yorktown and begin bombarding the city day and night  General Cornwallis surrenders less than a month later

TREATY OF PARIS – John Jay, Ben Franklin and John Adams

SECTION 2.3  Fighting the British gave the states a common goal but they remained reluctant to unite under a central government  Instead, the colonies agreed to a form of government under THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

THE ARTICLES  Set up by the 2 nd continental congress  Confederation between 13 states  Each state would have 1 vote to pass laws  Govt. could declare war, make treaties and borrow money  Could not tax  9/13 of state needed to pass laws  No executive branch to enforce laws  No national court system

“We are one nation today and 13 tomorrow”

More Problems  Each state functioned independently by pursuing its own interests rather than the nation as a whole  Government had no means of raising money or enforcing laws  Shay’s Rebellion – Caused the country to realize the weaknesses of the Articles

Creating a new government  #1 priority – to strengthen the central government  Virginia plan – called for a 2 house legislature based on population  New Jersey plan – One vote per state  The great compromise – Our current senate and house of representatives

What is Federalism?  Federalism is power divided between a state and national government  Those powers not granted to the federal government are granted to the states

Separation of powers  3 branches of government  Legislative  Executive  Judicial  Enforces Laws  Writes Laws  Interprets laws

Ratification  Federalists v Anti-federalists  Anti-federalists ask for a bill of rights  The Federalist papers argue the case for ratification

Check for understanding  Give one reason the Articles of Confederation didn’t work What are the 3 branches of government?