© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1

2 4 C H A P T E R WORKFORCE ISSUES

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3 The Nursing Workforce  Predominately female  Predominately white (Figure 4-2)  Majority have associates or bachelors degree  Average age is 47

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Distribution of Registered Nurses and the U.S Population by Racial/Ethnic Background, 2004 Source – Table 3. Annual Estimates of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July, (NC-EST ). Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. Release Date: June 9, 2005 The Nursing Workforce (cont.)

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5 Healthy Work Environments  Essential to quality outcomes  Safe and respectful  Involve patients, families, and healthcare professionals

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6 Nursing Shortage  Will continue to worsen  Creates organizational cultures detrimental to nurses and patients

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7 Incivility  Disrespectful behavior in the workplace  Nurses “eating their young”  Leads to conflict and nurse dissatisfaction

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8 Lateral Violence  Hostility between colleagues  Rudeness, spreading rumors, uncooperativeness, attacks  Possible causes: Oppression, frustration, either/or mindset

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Diversity  Nurses know how to care for diverse patients  They struggle to work with diverse colleagues (Figure 4-4)  Workforce made up of different generations (Table 4-1)

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10 Modern Diplomacy Strategies Applied to Nursing Diversity (cont.)

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Moral Distress  Professional values (Figure 4-5)  Professional standards of care (Table 4-2)  Distress results from acting in opposition to these

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Health and Safety  Nurses face verbal abuse and physical violence.  Fatigue results from long hours/rotating shifts.  Fatigue leads to higher error rates.

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13 Recruitment/Retention Strategies  In the past—money (bonuses, shift differentials)  Need to offer continuing education and tuition reimbursement  Match the strategies to the nurse

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14 Magnet Hospitals  Recognition program for nurse-oriented organizations  14 criteria important to nurses (Figure 4-6)

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15 Magnet Recognition Program ® Model © Reprinted with permission from the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). All rights reserved. Magnet Hospitals (cont.)

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16 Change Nursing’s Outlook  Tendency to focus on problems with nursing  Need to change perspective  Consider how to best support nursing today

© 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17 Possible Solutions  Creating moral work environments  Promoting collaboration (Table 4-3)  Supporting colleagues with special needs  Retaining new graduates  Developing learning organizations