ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 6 th grade Mrs. Messina

DO NOW: 2/23/16 Think about the term “electromagnetic”. List as many things that you can think of that are considered electromagnetic.

Electromagnetic energy: ELECTRICITY / MAGNETISM a form of energy that is emitted from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space

SWBAT: Students will be able to compare and contrast the different forms of waves located on the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Objective Goals: a) Do Now b) Analyze informative text c) Engage in the group activity d) Reflection

Read and Highlight 1) Read over the questions. 2) Read the passage: The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3) Place and box around the bold-faced vocabulary terms and underline the important key concepts that answer the questions above. 4) Answer the questions.

Light is a form of energy. Sometimes light behaves as if it is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons. Unless disturbed, photons travel in straight lines. Other times, light behaves as an electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves have some electrical properties and some magnetic properties. These waves are made up of transverse waves that vibrate at right angles to each other. Transverse waves are waves in which particles move up and down at right angles to the direction of the wave motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Light that you can see is called visible light, or white light. Visible light waves make up a small part of a much larger band of waves called electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum displays different types of waves. Long waves are located on the left side of the spectrum while shorter waves are located on the right side of the spectrum. Radio waves have the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency. Frequency is the number of complete waves passing a point in a given time. They are used for radio, television, and radar signals. Microwaves are used for wireless communications and microwaves ovens. Infrared Rays are given off by all objects. You cannot see infrared rays, but you can feel them as heat. Visible light is known as white light. Ultraviolet Rays can cause sunburn. Ultraviolet light is used to kill bacteria. X-rays have a very short wavelength and a high frequency. X-rays are used in medicine to form images of bones and internal organs. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency. They are given off during nuclear reactions.

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY is a form of energy that is emitted from objects in the form of electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space.

Examples of Electromagnetic Energy: Radio waves, microwaves, Infrared waves, Light waves, Ultraviolet Waves, X-rays, Gamma rays

The electromagnetic spectrum displays different types of waves. Long waves are located on the left side of the spectrum while shorter waves are located on the right side of the spectrum.

Turn & Talk On the last page of your packet there is a chart of waves. Cut out each section on the chart and place them in a pile next to you. Read each one and prepare to participate in a class discussion about each wave.

Let’s Review……..

TURN AND TALK Observe the electromagnetic spectrum on your reading passage. Where are the longest waves? Where are the shortest waves? Name the longest waves. Name the shortest waves.

Electromagnetic Spectrum Matching Activity On your electromagnetic spectrum, paste the waves in the appropriate location. Also, indicate where the longest waves and shortest waves belong on the spectrum.

REFLECTION: 1) Complete the exit ticket- Compare and contrast radio waves and gamma waves. 2) Place the waves in order from longest to shortest on the spectrum.

DO NOW: 2/24/16 1) Compare and contrast radio waves and gamma waves. Make sure to include the terms wavelength and frequency in your comparison explanation. Also, include examples for each.

SWBAT: Students will be able to compare and contrast the different forms of waves on the electromagnetic spectrum. Today’s Agenda (A Day in the Computer Lab) 1) Do Now 2) Analyze Informative Text(Website)/Flipbook Activity 3) Record Data 4) Reflection

Read and Highlight 1) Read over the questions. 2) Read the passage: The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3) Place and box around the bold-faced vocabulary terms and underline the important key concepts that answer the questions above. 4) Answer the questions.

Light is a form of energy. Sometimes light behaves as if it is made up of tiny particles of energy called photons. Unless disturbed, photons travel in straight lines. Other times, light behaves as an electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves have some electrical properties and some magnetic properties. These waves are made up of transverse waves that vibrate at right angles to each other. Transverse waves are waves in which particles move up and down at right angles to the direction of the wave motion. The Electromagnetic Spectrum Light that you can see is called visible light, or white light. Visible light waves make up a small part of a much larger band of waves called electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum displays different types of waves. Long waves are located on the left side of the spectrum while shorter waves are located on the right side of the spectrum. Radio waves have the longest wavelength and the lowest frequency. Frequency is the number of complete waves passing a point in a given time. They are used for radio, television, and radar signals. Microwaves are used for wireless communications and microwaves ovens. Infrared Rays are given off by all objects. You cannot see infrared rays, but you can feel them as heat. Visible light is known as white light. Ultraviolet Rays can cause sunburn. Ultraviolet light is used to kill bacteria. X-rays have a very short wavelength and a high frequency. X-rays are used in medicine to form images of bones and internal organs. Gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency. They are given off during nuclear reactions.

Based on your reading, create an Electromagnetic Spectrum flipbook (study tool).

Please go to the following website analyze informative text: space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/ems- frames.html space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/ems- frames.html

Questions about the Electromagnetic Spectrum Where are the shortest wavelengths located on the spectrum? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ Name the shortest waves. _____________________________________________________________ Where are the longest wavelengths located on the spectrum? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ Name the longest waves. _____________________________________________________________ Where on the electromagnetic spectrum, between which two waves, is visible light found? ____________________________________________________________ What type of rays would you expect to be used frequently at a hospital to make medical diagnoses? _____________________________________________________________ List the colors of visible light in order. (Hint: the colors of the rainbow) _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________

Reflection: Place the waves in order from longest (Weakest) to shortest (Strongest) on the spectrum. List one example for each wave.

DO NOW: 2/26/16 Compare and contrast radio waves and gamma waves. Make sure to include the terms wavelength, energy and frequency in your comparison explanation. Also, include examples for each.

Radio Waves have the longest wavelength and low frequency. Gamma Rays have the shortest wavelength and high frequency. Gamma waves have high energy. Nuclear explosions and stars emit gamma waves. Radio, tv emit radio waves.

SWBAT: Students will be able to identify the composition of white light using the method of refraction through a prism. Today’s Agenda: 1) Do Now 2) Analyze Informative Text 3) Activity 4) Reflection

Turn and Talk What do you know about rainbows? Think… How do rainbows form?

Water vapor in the atmosphere can break apart light wavelengths creating a rainbow.

Analyzing Informative Text 1) Read over the questions. 2) Place a box around the bold-faced vocabulary terms and underline the informative facts following each term. 3) Answer the questions.

Reading and Activity: Using a Prism to Analyze White Light Have you ever looked at a rainbow and wonder how that happens? Most of us know that it takes a special combination of rain and light before a rainbow appears. Why a rainbow appears is due to the bending of light waves when they pass through water droplets. This process is known as refraction. A fun way to create rainbows without water is by using prisms. Prisms bend light waves and disperse the light into individual colors. Each color has a different wavelength and shows up at a slightly different angle. White light is composed of all the visible colors in the electromagnetic spectrum, a fact that can be easily proven through the use of a prism. As light passes through a prism, it is bent, or refracted, by the angles and plane faces of the prism and each wavelength of light is refracted by a slightly different amount. Violet has the highest frequency and is refracted the most. Red has the lowest frequency and is refracted the least. Because each color is refracted differently, each bends at a different angle, resulting in a fanning out and separation of white light into the colors of the spectrum. Water droplets in the air can act in a manner similar to that of a prism, separating the colors of sunlight to produce a spectrum known as a rainbow. To be able to see a rainbow, you must be standing with the sun behind you. The sunlight shines into the water droplets in the air, bending as it moves from the air into the water, reflecting off the sides the drops, and bending again as it exits the drops. As a result, all of the colors in the white light of the sun separate into the individual bands of color characteristic of a rainbow.

Question: Will you be able to see the components of white light by using a glass prism?

Hypothesis: (If… then…because…) If we use a glass prism and directly place in the sunlight, then we _______ (will/will not) be able to see the components of light because ________ ________________________________.

Procedure: Get materials: White paper, prism, sunlight from classroom window Place the prism directly in route of the sunlight beaming into the classroom window. Put the white paper directly under the prism. Record your observations. Draw a sketch of your observations. Answer the questions.

Answer the following questions: Is white light really just white light? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Can white light be broken down into other colors? Explain and list the colors. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ What instrument can be used to analyze the components of white light? ______________________________________________________________________________ How do you use this instrument? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Define the term REFRACTION. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Which color has the highest frequency? ______________________________________________________________________________ Which color has the lowest frequency? ______________________________________________________________________________

Reflection: Think…. Is white light really just white light? 1) What are the components of white light? 2) What are some ways we can break down white light to see it’s true colors?

When white light shines through a glass prism, the white light is broken apart into the colors of the visible light spectrum.

DO NOW: 2/26/16 Think about a thunderstorm. What do you experience first, thunder or lightning? Why do you think this happens? (Use text based evidence to support your answer.)

SWBAT: 2/26/16 Students will be able to compare and contrast light and sound waves. Objective Goals: a) Analyze text b) Class discussion c) Activity d) Reflection

Analyze Informative Text 1) Read over the questions. 2) Place a box around the bold-faced vocabulary terms and underline informative facts about each term. 3) Answer the questions.

Analyze Informative Text: LIGHT How do Light Waves Travel? Light is made up of streams of photons (tiny bundles of energy). However, light also behaves like a wave. Light is a type of electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves are different from sound waves. Sound is a longitudinal wave. A sound wave needs a medium in which to travel. Sound cannot be heard in a vacuum (empty space). Light waves are different from sound waves in two ways. Light travels in transverse waves. In transverse waves, the particles move up and down at right angles to the direction of wave motions. Also, light waves do not need a medium in which to travel. Light can travel through a vacuum. Properties of Light Waves Like all waves, light waves have four properties. They are speed, wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. The speed of light is 300,000 km/s in a vacuum (empty space). The speed of light in a vacuum is the fastest possible speed. The wavelength of light is the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave. The number of light waves that pass by a point each second is called the frequency. The amplitude is the height of a wave. A bright light has a greater amplitude than a dim light.

How do waves interact with matter? What do these terms mean? Waves travel in straight lines until they hit something Waves scatter when they hit particles in the atmosphere Reflection – bouncing back Refraction - Waves bend when they change medium (water, oil, prism) Waves go through some materials and not others - Opaque, transparent, translucent Fiber optics bend light and carry information

READ AND HIGHLIGHT a) Read over the questions. b) Read the passages on Light and Sound. c) Place a box around the bold-faced terms and underline the important facts that follow. d) Answer the questions.

Venn Diagram LIGHT vs. SOUND

REFLECTION: Which travels faster, light or sound?