Chapter 4 Page 98 The Organization of Life

4.1 Ecosystems: Everything is connected = all the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment. = all the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment. Ex = oak forest Ex = oak forest All ecosystems are connected to each other! All ecosystems are connected to each other!

Components of an Ecosystem Biotic Factors Biotic Factors - All living or once living parts. - Even dead and waste products. Abiotic Factors - Nonliving parts - Air, water, rocks, sand, etc.

(Components Continued) Organisms = Individual living thing ex – ant Species = group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring. ex – carpenter ants

(Components Continued) Population (1) = all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.

(Components Continued) Communities (2+) = a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other.

Ecosystem Includes all of the abiotic and biotic factors! Includes all of the abiotic and biotic factors!

Biome = a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. = a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. Ex = desert Ex = desert

Habitat = The place an organism lives. = The place an organism lives.

Organization review… Species Species Population (1) Population (1) Community (2+) Community (2+) Ecosystem (community + abiotic) Ecosystem (community + abiotic) Biome (ecosystem on a larger scale!) Biome (ecosystem on a larger scale!)

Cheese: Old Old People People Can’t Can’t Eat Eat Beans! Beans!

4.2 Evolution = Change over time! Type 1- Natural Selection - Founded by Charles Darwin - Describes the survival and reproduction of organisms with particular traits. - “because of nature” Also causes ADAPTATIONS! These are traits that are inherited that allow the animal to survive better.

Natural Selection Baby Deer develop spots to help hide it during its vulnerable stages…therefore these deer survive to reproduce and pass their genes on. Baby Deer develop spots to help hide it during its vulnerable stages…therefore these deer survive to reproduce and pass their genes on. Those who have no spots will be eaten. Those who have no spots will be eaten.

May also lead to Coevolution = animals are adapted to each other and cannot survive without the other now

Evolution Continued… Type 2 – Artificial Selection Defined as selective breeding of organism by humans for specific characteristics. Defined as selective breeding of organism by humans for specific characteristics.

Evolution of Resistance Resistance is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. Resistance is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it. So in essence, we are creating a population of insects that are resistance to chemicals. So in essence, we are creating a population of insects that are resistance to chemicals.