1 Unit 5 Working World

2 Over the next few weeks … We are going to be looking at the world of work In particular we will look at The tourist industry. Where is it and why? The problems caused by it and how some of them can be solved, both in rich countries and in poor ones

3 But for today we are going to classify economic activity into groups This means how we can sort out different sorts of jobs from one another by the kinds of activities the people do

4 Introduction - the first part with be a quick review for many of you Production needs raw materials and we all need a variety of services. Food production (farming) and the production of manufactured goods are very important. These are all classified as different kinds of economic activity or industries. Industries are classified according to the type of jobs the majority of people who work for them do.

5 Classifying industry Primary industries extract raw materials Most of these are supplied to other industries – Birds Eye peas – from the pod to the factory processing them in less than 12 hours they say But some will go directly to the consumer, e.g. fish bought on the key in places like Cornwall, or through farmers markets.

6 Classifying industry Secondary industries use raw materials and components from else where to manufacture or assemble other things Most of these are supplied to other industries that pass them to the consumer

7 More about secondary industry There are different kinds of secondary industry: Heavy industry: involves large quantities of materials, such steel-making, shipbuilding, car manufacturers and petrochemicals. These used to be the core of work in the Midlands and North of England and the industrial regions of France Germany and around the Great lakes in the USA. This was because they were close to the raw materials – but this is no longer true – most of these items are now produced more cheaply elsewhere.

8 More about secondary industry – keywords! There is light industry. This is the manufacture of products that are light in bulk and use small amounts of raw materials E.g. small domestic appliances, food processing, clothes. high tech industry - Manufacturing involving advanced technology, such as the making of microchips and computers. It also includes genetic engineering, communications and information technology. Then there is high tech industry - Manufacturing involving advanced technology, such as the making of microchips and computers. It also includes genetic engineering, communications and information technology.

9 Classifying industry Tertiary industries provide goods and services to the public – often known as the service sector

10 Classifying industry We now have a small new fourth or quaternary industrial sector. These are the inventors, the scientists and technologists that design the new things. They are the specialists who advise people and organisations. They provide information and expertise.

11 So which are these do you think?

12 This is the first table on your notes Activity  Definition  Example PrimaryProvides news ideas and information Teacher SecondaryProvides servicesScientists TertiaryExtracts raw materials Baker QuaternaryProcesses raw materials and components to make new products Farmer

13 Red is HIC, Orange is MIC, Yellow is LIC What patterns do you notice?

14 In the UK What can you see? A lot of the land is farmed, and we produce quite a lot of raw materials. How come? What about the secondary activity? And why does tertiary activity take so many people? % of the population working in each sector

15 We can see that countries vary in their patterns of employment Now, in the UK, and other HICs, there are far fewer involved in agriculture. Why is that? The number of people involved in secondary industry is also dropping. Why?? The amount of people involved in tertiary industry is rising? Why?

16 Countries vary in their patterns of employment Which countries do you think still have the majority involved in primary industry? For example? Which countries will be have an increasing numbers in secondary industry? For example? Will these countries have increasing numbers in tertiary and quaternary, do you think?

17 Burma What pattern do you see? If there are that many people are in primary industry, how do you think it is run? Do you think they make a lot of money from it? What does the secondary industry % tell you? And the tertiary? What level of development is this country at? HIC, MIC or LIC? % of the population working in each sector

18 In summary In LICs, like Burma, most people are employed in primary industry, that extract materials from the earth. They use lots of people to do the work, which means they do not have much machinery, because they cannot afford machines and people are cheap Primary products only fetch as much money as their own people can afford and/or rich countries are prepared to pay, and that is often not much. They would be better off if they turned their own raw materials into manufactured goods but often they do not have the energy and cannot afford the start-up costs, so they are stuck getting not much money for what they have.

19 Bolivia Looking at each sector, how is Bolivia different from Burma? What might be the reasons for the differences? How do you think the lives of the people here are different from Burma? What level of development is this country at? HIC, MIC or LIC? % of the population working in each sector

20 In summary Bolivia is an MIC – just! They still have just over one third of the people working in primary industries, but many more in secondary industries. This means that overall they are better off. Also they have half as many again in tertiary industry, which means more schools and hospitals. So the people are better off and likely to have a better quality of life.

21 Malaysia Think about Bolivia and look at the mini-version of the UK at the bottom. What do you notice this time? What is really different about Malaysia? Anyone know why that is? Where are most things you buy made? Do you think industry in the UK is increasing or decreasing? % of the population working in each sector

22 So in general As countries develop they go through similar stages. At first farming mining and fishing are the most important. Then they begin to process their own raw materials and produce goods. Their labour costs are lower so TNCs will open factories in these places as well. What is a TNC? Name one

23 So in general As industrialisation increases, the number of people in farming goes down. This is largely due to mechanisation, which they can now afford. As countries develop, they have more and more tertiary workers. Very poor countries have government to run things and police/army to keep order, but only a few schools and hospitals, although NGOs often operate in these poorest of places. As a country develops more, it needs an educated and healthy workforce so the number of people in the tertiary activity increases too. What is an NGO? Name one

24 Recapping how we use the graphs to explain what is happening and why How important is primary industry? Why? How important is secondary industry why? How important is primary industry why?

25 Recapping how we use the graphs to explain what is happening and why The UK has a low proportion of people working in primary industry. This is partly because of mechanisation so very few people can do a lot of work The secondary industry is not very important because it is cheaper for the TNCs to open factories in places like China, as they pay less to the workers. The tertiary sector is large. Most people work in hospitals, schools, offices and shops and for the government. As people have more free time and become wealthier there is a greater demand for leisure services. This pattern shows a country that is an HIC

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28 Homework Each answer with have a layout: The primary industry employs … % of the workforce. This is because … The secondary industry…… ….. So this country is a …. Because …. + a Zondle quiz (worth up to 10 marks) on ges/welcome.aspx ges/welcome.aspx