The Persian Wars and Cultural Identities

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The Persian Wars and Cultural Identities Texts and Contexts: picture syllabus, revised & reduced, May 2015 The Persian Wars and Cultural Identities Archaeological material: Identities in Greek and Persian art PERSIAN IDENTITIES: Achemenid art at Persian centres Bisotun, Darius’ rock relief Susa glazed brick reliefs, guards Persepolis apadana & reliefs Persepolis audience relief GREEK IDENTITIES Archaic Aristocrats Kroisos’ kouros Acropolis kore 682 Andokides performers amphora ‘Classical’ Hellenes Louvre Niobid krater Riace Bronzes Salamis stele Mourning’ Athena stele Berlin Foundry cup Delphi Charioteer Moyta Charioteer PERSIANS IN GREEK ART Athenian red-figure vases Persian bowman, Berlin painter amphora Edinburgh cup, by Triptolemos painter Fleeing Persian, Basel krater Eurymedon jug, Hamburg Croesus’ amphora, Louvre PERSIANS IN ANATOLIAN ART Karaburun tomb painting Çan sarcophagus Please note: MAPS, PLANS, and DRAWINGS are NOT part of the picture syllabus, unless marked

PERSIAN IDENTITIES: Achemenid art at Persian centres Bisotun

Rock-relief of Darius at Bisotun, 520-519 BC Submission of rebel kings to Darius, Bisotun Rock-relief of Darius at Bisotun, 520-519 BC

Submission of rebel kings to Darius: Gaumata is prostrated, and the others are roped together at the neck. Bisotun .

Bisotun

Bisotun

Bisotun Bisotun

Glazed bricks relief: Persians with spears from Susa, c.480 (British Museum on loan from Louvre)

PERSEPOLIS PERSEPOLIS Persepolis, Apadana (columned audience hall)

PERSEPOLIS Plan of Persepolis

East front of Apadana and Gateway of Xerxes at Persepolis

TRIBUTE BEARERS from peoples of the empire: friezes on east front of the Apadana at Persepolis:

PERSEPOLIS AUDIENCE RELIEF Great king in majesty: Darius receives high officer Audience relief, from Persepolis, c. 500 BC PERSEPOLIS AUDIENCE RELIEF

Audience relief, from Persepolis, c. 500 BC

Darius. Audience relief, from Persepolis, c. 500 BC

Guards. Audience relief, from Persepolis, c. 500 BC

Sixth century aristocrats G R E E K I D E N T I T I E S Sixth century aristocrats & ‘archaic’ style ‘Stay and mourn at the monument (sēma) of Kroisos whom fierce Ares destroyed, fighting in the front ranks (eni promachois)’. KROISOS’ KOUROS Marble statue of Kroisos, from Anavyssos, Attica, c.530 BC (Athens)

Acropolis 682. Marble kore statue from Athenian Acropolis, c Acropolis 682. Marble kore statue from Athenian Acropolis, c. 500 BC (Acropolis Museum, Athens)

Young men at musical performance. RF Amphora by Andokides. c Young men at musical performance. RF Amphora by Andokides. c.520 (Louvre)

gods, heroes, men The ‘Early Classical’ style NIOBID KRATER RF krater by Niobid Painter: Apollo and Artemis killing the children of Niobe, c.460 (Louvre) New-style Hellenes: gods, heroes, men The ‘Early Classical’ style (after Persian Wars)

Bronze statues of warriors from Riace, c 460 (Reggio Calabria) Riace A Riace B

Riace A

Funerary stele of warriors, from Salamis, c. 420 (Athens)

‘Mourning Athena’. Athena stands in front of a stele ‘Mourning Athena’. Athena stands in front of a stele. Stele from Athenian Acropolis, c. 460 BC (Acropolis Museum, Athens)

Two citizens watch craftsmen finishing heroic bronze statue in workshop. Athletic bronze statue being put together at left. Red-figure cup by Foundry Painter. Early 5th century. (Berlin) FOUNDRY CUP

Reconstruction (R. Hampe) Inscribed dedication block: [ ] ruler of Gela set (this) up [ &] exalted and good-named Apollo Changed to: [ P]olyzalos set (this) up Reconstruction (R. Hampe) Bronze statue of charioteer, 470s (Delphi)

Marble statue of charioteer from Motya, c.460 (Mozia) MOTYA CHARIOTEER

Motya charioteer

PERSIANS IN GREEK ART RF Amphora by Berlin painter: Persian with huge sabre & bow c. 480 BC (Getty Museum)

Persian fighter wearing Scythian-style costume interior of RF cup by Triptolemos Painter: Greek defeats Persian in striped trousers, c. 480 (Edinburgh) Persian fighter wearing Scythian-style costume

Calyx krater: Greek spears Persian, Persian runs away, c Calyx krater: Greek spears Persian, Persian runs away, c. 450 BC (Basel)

Eurymedon Jug, c. 460 BC (Hamburg) A: Eurymedon eimi ('I am Eurymedon') B: kubade hestēka ('I stand bent over') Peasant (nb: goatee and sq-cut cloak) prepares to …. …rape a Persian archer. Eurymedon Jug, c. 460 BC (Hamburg)

Sack of Sardis, 545 Croesus on pyre CROESUS AMPHORA, by Myson, 500-480 BC (Louvre): Kroisos and Euthymos

‘Greco-Persian’ art in Anatolia Anatolia under Persian rule Tomb painting at Karaburun, Lycia: local lord, c. 470 BC ‘Greco-Persian’ art in Anatolia Anatolia under Persian rule

Sarcophagus from Çan, c. 400 BC (Çannakale Museum) Çan sarcophagus