Classification Taxonomy.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification Taxonomy

Taxonomy Science of naming and classifying living things (organisms) Taxonomy classifies organisms into categories called taxonomic categories

7 Taxonomic Categories Most General (Few things in common) Kingdom – most general category Phylum – more specific category than Kingdom Class – more specific category than Phylum Order – more specific category than Class Family – more specific category than Order Genus – more specific category than Family Species – most specific taxonomic category of all Most Specific (Many things in common)

Names of Organisms Every organism is given a scientific name Is a 2-word name given to each organism It consists of the GENUS & the SPECIES

Homo sapiens OR Homo sapiens It is written with: genus name beginning with a capital letter and species name with a lower case letter It is written either in italic font or plain underlined font Example: Homo sapiens OR Homo sapiens

Scientific names are the same anywhere in the world Organisms are also given common names Common names are different from region to region, country to country, across cultures languages etc. Example: Dog is a common name Canis familiaris is a scientific name

Binomial Nomenclature This two-word naming system that assigns each organism a 2-part scientific name is called - Binomial Nomenclature The classification system and the 2-word naming system were developed by a Swedish biologist named Carolus Linnaeus in 1700’s

The 5 Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia All organisms can be classified into 5 different kingdoms Simplest Organisms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Complex Organisms

General Characteristics of the 5 Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Simple Complex Prokaryotic (No nucleus) Eukaryotic (Nucleus) Some Move Do Not Move Most

5 Main Criteria based on which organisms are classified 1. Homologous Structures – Similar structures in different organisms that developed the same way 2. Analogous Structures – Structures in different organisms that have similar function but developed in different ways 3. Chemical Tests – blood & other chemicals 4. Life Histories – life cycles are compared 5. Breeding Studies – only organisms of same species will produce offspring

Dichotomous Key Tool used to identify organisms that were already discovered, described, classified and named The key contains series of questions about the visible physical traits of organisms Each question in the key involves a choice between 2 characteristics / or the presence or absence of one characteristic Dichotomous means “split in two”

Sample Dichotomous Key 1a. Bean round………………Garbanzo bean 1b. Bean elliptical or oblong…………Go to 2 2a. Bean white………………..White northern 2b. Bean has dark pigments………...Go to 3 3a. Bean evenly pigmented………….Go to 4 3b. Bean pigmentation mottled….Pinto bean 4a. Bean black……………………Black bean 4b. Bean reddish-brown………..Kidney bean