Gather 'round people Wherever you roam And admit that the waters Around you have grown And accept it that soon You'll be drenched to the bone If your time to you Is worth savin' Then you better start swimmin' Or you'll sink like a stone For the times they are a-changin' Come writers and critics Who prophesize with your pen Keep your eyes wide The chance won't come again Don't speak too soon For the wheel's still in spin And there's no tellin' who That it's namin' For the loser now Will be later to win For the times they, they are a-changin' Come senators, Congressmen Please heed the call Don't stand at the doorway Don't block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled There's a battle outside And it's ragin' It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a-changin' Come mothers and fathers Throughout the land Don't criticize What you can't understand Your sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road is Rapidly agin' Please get out of the new one If you can't lend your hand For your times they are a-changin' The line it is drawn And the curse it is cast The slow one now Will later be fast As the present now Your old road Will later be past Rapidly fadin' And the first one now Will later be last For the times they are a-changin' Gather 'round people Wherever you roam And admit that the waters Around you have grown And accept it that soon You'll be drenched to the bone If your time to you Is worth savin' Then you better start swimmin' Or you'll sink like a stone For the times they are a-changin' Come writers and critics Who prophesize with your pen Keep your eyes wide The chance won't come again Don't speak too soon For the wheel's still in spin And there's no tellin' who That it's namin' For the loser now Will be later to win For the times they, they are a-changin' Come senators, Congressmen Please heed the call Don't stand at the doorway Don't block up the hall For he that gets hurt Will be he who has stalled There's a battle outside And it's ragin' It'll soon shake your windows And rattle your walls For the times they are a-changin' Come mothers and fathers Throughout the land Don't criticize What you can't understand Your sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road is Rapidly agin' Please get out of the new one If you can't lend your hand For your times they are a-changin' The line it is drawn And the curse it is cast The slow one now Will later be fast As the present now Your old road Will later be past Rapidly fadin' And the first one now Will later be last For the times they are a-changin'

Over the course of the next few lessons you’re going to be studying the rise of the teenager and youth culture in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. You’ll look at how the increase in wealth, the impact of American culture, the changes in education, student protests, the expansion of youth cultures, the influence of music and fashion, and the reaction of authorities to all of this, meant that the lives of young people between the 1950s and mid 1970s changed dramatically.

In today’s lesson you’ll be studying what it was like to grow up in the 1950s. In the next few lessons afterwards you’ll be looking at teenage life in the 1960s. One of the main tasks you’ll be undertaking will be to design a profiles – one for a typical teenager in in the late 1960s

Adverts Education: Work: Political views: Religious views: Music: Fashion: Likes and interests: Write something about yourself: Gifts: Wall:

“the teenager was a creation of affluence” historian Dominic Sandbrook, 2005 Something important to remember: The teenagers you are about to see are not representative of all teenagers everywhere. What they looked like and how they behaved was dependent on social background, race, education and family. Was there a youth revolution in the 1960s?

‘Boys and girls’ in the early 1950s Context: Britain was still recovering from WW2 economically A lot of government spending went on the Cold War Food rationing continued for years after the war National service for men aged between 17 and 21 Shops weren’t piled high with goods

‘Boys and girls’ in the early 1950s ‘Boys and girls’ Teenagers as we know them didn’t exist – ‘boys and girls’ of that age were often very similar to their parents: same fashions same schools same routines church on Sundays same music same types of jobs one radio (TV if lucky) – same channels

What was exciting about being a teenager in the 1950s according to this source? Is this source a balanced view of life in the 1950s?

All change in the mid 1950s Commuters crossing London Bridge, 1951 BRITISH ECONOMIC RECOVERY Employment went up as Britain rebuilt – unemployment was low and even inexperienced school leavers could find jobs Wages increased faster than prices so you could buy more with your money than ever before. The wages of the main earner could support the whole family More effective birth control was leading to smaller families and therefore fewer children to feed and clothe. Mothers could return to work more quickly after children went to school There was more leisure time – most people were working five day weeks by the end of the 50s unlike the six that many worked before the war The combination of all these factors meant that young people who had a job were able to keep most of their wages rather than giving it to their parents as they had done before. Parents were generally happy about this – they wanted their kids to live more comfortable lives than they had done £

Enter the teenager! Clothes ‘teenagers’ started to wear different styles of clothes to their parents Meeting places they began to spend more time with each other rather than just with their families – better public transport helped this

Music Skiffle bands and artists like Lonnie Donegan were very popular in the mid 1950s...

Enter the teenager! American influence Rock and Roll music took America by storm in the 1950s. Stars like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley became popular Teenagers began to be able to buy records, newspapers started to list the ‘Top Twenty’ singles

Enter the teenager! Films American movies like James Dean’s Rebel Without A Cause about a misunderstood teenager had a massive impact on British teens Movie stars like Dean, Marlon Brando, Marilyn Monroe and Grace Kelly became massive stars in Britain too

Enter the teenager! January 2013 paper Why was this source published at this time?

The 1960s teenage consumer The finances: teenagers spent about £800 million per year on themselves cinemas, dance halls, magazine publishers and record shops depended on teenage custom Advertiser’s dream companies began to pay for advertising slots in teen shows

Is Source 9 a useful source of information for historians investigating teenagers as consumers?

Music Big groups the Beatles made their reputation in Liverpool in the early 1960s and went on to become the biggest British band ever they weren’t the only British band which became big in the period – others included The Rolling Stones, The Kinks and The Who

Music Lots of screaming... these new bands also completely changed the way that young people behaved:

Fashion Fashion celebrity the music and fashion scenes grew together throughout the 1960s designers Mary Quant, model Twiggy, photographer David Bailey and hairdressers like Vidal Sassoon became celebrities the more bizarre and outlandish the fashion, the more appealing it was to young people. What made it particularly attractive was that the older generation simply didn’t understand it...

Rebellion! Declining traditional institutions teenagers had always wanted to rebel - and now they had role models to show them how John Lennon caused controversy in 1966 when he said that... “the Beatles are now bigger than Jesus” he hadn’t intended to cause offence – but had a point that the influence of traditional institutions like the Church were declining

Rebellion! Popular culture Programmes like That Was The Week That Was and magazines like Private Eye began to ridicule respectable authority figures, even the Queen had a laugh at the prime minister’s expense...

Rebellion! Sex the 1960s is widely seen as a period of sexual revolution teenagers were bigger, healthier and more sexually mature at a younger age than they ever been before the pill became available controversial British films like Alfie showed promiscuous young people who didn’t care about the consequences of having lots of affairs A48

Adverts Education: Work: Political views: Religious views: Music: Fashion: Likes and interests: Write something about yourself: Gifts: Wall: Design your Facebook profile for a ‘teenager’ in the mid-late 1960s. Judging from what we have seen, your profile will be a mixture of the old… You probably went to the same school as your parents Have the same job (or role) as mum or dad Have many of the same beliefs and tastes …and new. Perhaps you have more money in your pocket. Your tastes in fashion, films or music might be changing You might be spending more time away from your family and with your friends You might be being influenced by American culture more

Adverts Education: Work: Political views: Religious views: Music: Fashion: Likes and interests: Write something about yourself: Gifts: Wall: I live with mum and dad and have to go to church on Sundays. But Saturday afternoons I love going to the cinema with my friends – my favourite film is ‘Rebel Without A Cause’. I love James Dean… I love baking with my mum… I like boys… I want to travel… We have a TV at our house but… You’ve been sent a petticoat! Hi! Are you going to watch the new Elvis film on Saturday?! Dress like a Ted.com! Get your Lonnie Donegan records at half price! Send a friend a radio!