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Understanding the impacts of invasive plants in natural areas John M. Randall The Nature Conservancy Wildland Invasive Species Team University of California, Davis May v

"On a global basis...the two great destroyers of biodiversity are, first habitat destruction and, second, invasion by exotic species” - E.O. Wilson

Survey of The Nature Conservancy field staff 110 TNC staff from 50 states responded 49% said INVASIVE PLANTS were among the top 3 threats 84% said INVASIVE PLANTS were among the top 10 threats Only 5% said INVASIVE PLANTS were not a problem 271 INVASIVE PLANT taxa were reported

WEED EXOTIC ~ ALIEN ~ NON-NATIVE ~ NON-INDIGENOUS INVASIVE NOXIOUS

Conservation Goals Conservation Targets (What are you managing for?)

Ecosystem Level Impacts - Disturbance regimes (i.e. fires) - Hydrology - Geomorphological processes (i.e. erosion, sedimentation) - Soil chemistry (i.e. nutrients) Community and Population Level Impacts - Vegetation structure - Community composition - Resource competition - Negative impacts on native animals - Promotion of non-native invasive animals - Population reductions, eliminations - Reduced recruitment of natives (succession) - Hybridization with native species Positive Impacts Lack of Impacts

Ecosystem Level Impacts Disturbance regimes (i.e. fires) Hydrology Geomorphological processes (i.e. erosion, sedimentation) Soil chemistry (i.e. nutrients)