{ Behavioral Interactions Unit 5 - Lesson 3 Notes “The most videos you’ll watch in science…EVER”

 Social Behavior – interactions among organisms of the same species.  Examples  Courtship and mating  Caring for the young  Claiming territories  Protecting each other  Getting food  A society is a group of animals of the same species living and working together in an organized way. Social Behavior

Territorial Behavior  A territory is an area that an animal defends from other members of the same species.  Territories contain food, shelter, and potential mates. This is MY tree!

 Defending territory from members of the same species is an instinctive behavior.  Aggression is a forceful behavior used to dominate or control another animal.  Submission – animals might show submissive behavior to avoid conflict, to avoid being injured, or to show that another animal is dominant. Territorial Behavior

 Communication is an action by the sender that influences the behavior of a receiver.  Courtship behavior is one type of communication that is performed before mating.  Chemical communication uses pheromones, which are chemicals produced by one animal that influence the behavior of another animal of the same species. Communication

Communication

 Sound communication is used by vertebrates and many insects.  Light communication  Certain kinds of flies, marine organisms, and beetles have a special form of communication called bioluminescence.  Bioluminescence may be used to lure prey, escape predators, or serve as marks of recognition. Communication

 Cyclic behavior is an innate behavior that occurs in a repeating pattern, often in response to changes in the environment.  Circadian rhythm – behavior based on a 24-hour cycle.  Animals that are active during the day are diurnal.  Animals that are active at night are nocturnal. Cyclic Behavior

 Hibernation is a cyclic response to cold temperatures and limited food supplies.  An animal in hibernation remains inactive until the weather becomes warm in the spring.  Body response – body temperature and breathing rate drop.  Some mammals and many amphibians and reptiles hibernate. Cyclic Behavior

 Estivation  State of reduced activity similar to hibernation.  Desert animals sometimes estivate due to lack of food or periods of drought.  Migration is the instinctive seasonal movement of animals.  Many birds and mammals move to new locations when the seasons change.  Most animals that migrate do so in order to find food or to reproduce in an environment that is more favorable for the survival of its offspring. Cyclic Behavior

DEMO – Using Google Earth to Track Animal Migration