Unit 3 Telescopes. Optical Telescopes Two basic types – Refractors – Reflectors.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3 Telescopes

Optical Telescopes Two basic types – Refractors – Reflectors

Refractors Uses lenses to gather and concentrate light

Refractors Advantages: – Refractor telescopes are rugged – Lenses inside the tube is sealed so it rarely needs cleaning – images are steadier and sharper Disadvantages: – chromatic aberration – Lens supported only at the ends, lens will sag – Expensive, heavy

Refractor

Reflectors Uses a curved mirror to focus incoming light

Reflectors Advantages: – Do not suffer from chromatic aberration – Can be made very BIG! – Less expensive, lighter Disadvantages: – Optics need more frequent alignment – Open to the outside, need frequent cleaning – Secondary mirror can produce diffraction effects

Reflector

Types of Reflectors Gregorian Newtonian Cassegrain

Schmidt-Cassegrain

Telescope magnification Magnification = focal length of telescope / focal length eyepiece e.g. focal length of telescope = 1000 mm focal length of eyepiece = 30 mm magnification = 1000 mm/ 30 mm = 33

Brightness The observed brightness of an object is directly proportional to the area of the telescope mirror, e.g. a 5 meter telescope will have a light gathering capacity 25 times (5 2 ) greater than a 1 meter telescope

History of Large Telescopes William Herschel (late 1700s)

Mt. Wilson (1917) – 100 inch

Hale (1948) – 200 inch

Space Telescopes outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphereEarth's atmosphere extremely sharp images almost no background lightbackground

Space Telescopes Hubble Spitzer Chandra

Kepler Space Telescope Designed to discover Earth-like planets

Herschel Space Observatory Launched in 2009 by the European Space Agency Sensitive to Infrared radiation

Image Acquisition & Processing Charge-coupled devices (CCDs)  computer (very efficient)

Radio Astronomy

How to pick a telescope Start by using your bare eyes Next, move up to binoculars When you’re ready for a telescope, read/ research

Choosing the right telescope Performance Purpose Portability Light Pollution Price

All other things being equal, the greater the mirror/ lens diameter the greater the light gathering ability Primary Mirror Size Square Inches of Aperture 4" _name/How%20to%20pick%20a%20telescope/Page/1 _name/How%20to%20pick%20a%20telescope/Page/1