Surrealism 1924

Originally a literary movement, it explored dreams, the unconscious, the element of chance and multiple levels of reality. “more than real” “better than real”

WHY Surrealism in 1924? What was happening in the world around this time?

WHY Surrealism in 1924? What was happening in the world around this time? World War I ( ) Sigmund Freud

Physically and psychologically, WWI destroyed Western civilization Countries Involved: Australia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Canada France Germany Great Britain Greece India Iraq Italy Japan Montenegro New Zealand Poland Portugal Rhodesia Romania Russia Serbia South Africa Turkey United States

“The logic, science and technology that many thought would bring a better world had gone horribly wrong. Instead of a better world, the advancements of the 19 th century had produced such high tech weapons as machine guns, long- range artillery, tanks, submarines, fighter planes and mustard gas.” (source: Janson)

Staggering destruction and loss of life TOTAL WWI CASUALTIES: 11,016,000

Sigmund Freud ( ) The father of psychoanalysis In 1900, Freud published The Interpretation of Dreams, and introduced the wider public to the notion of the unconscious mindThe Interpretation of Dreams theorized that forgetfulness or slips of the tongue (now called "Freudian slips") were not accidental at all, but it was the "dynamic unconscious" revealing something meaningful. He said “Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.”

Freud’s Mental Iceberg

Andre Breton Poet “Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of the dream”

Surreal Odd Illogical Irrational Exciting Disturbing

Reaction to chaos of WWI Influence of Freud: Dreams and subconscious Explored the world of dream, chance, and free association Explored the psychological responses to modern culture Characteristics of Surrealism

Salvador Dali (Spanish, 1904–1989)

The Metamorphosis of Narcissus, 1937, Salvador Dali

Salvador Dali Persistence of Memory 1931

Salvador Dali Apparition

Rene Magritte (Belgian)

Rene Magritte

René Magritte Les valeurs personnelles (Personal Values) 1952

René Magritte La Chambre d'écoute (The Listening Room) 1952 (impossible scale)

“Carte Blanche,” Rene Magritte Rene Magritte Carte Blanche

Rene Magritte Ceci n’est pas une pipe

Rene Magritte (Reversal of Natural Laws)

Franz Kafka Felt he was an outsider –Jewish in Catholic Prague –Sickly –Lonely Perceived human beings as being trapped by authority in a hopeless world Became frustrated at having to support his family Had to work in a meaningless bureaucratic job where he was just another pencil pusher –Took time away from his writing

Kafka’s Literature Seeks to reproduce not objective reality but the subjective reality which people, objects, and events arouse in us –Depicts a psychological or spiritual reality through distortion and/or exaggeration –Presents the distorted, exaggerated situation as if it were completely real Emphasizes visionary experience –Pierces the surface of things to reveal deeper truths –Explores how to transcend the material world Replaces concrete particulars with allegorical forms

Metamorphosis The word "metamorphosis" derives from Greek "transformation, transforming”

Franz Kafka’s personal life reflected in the Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It shows the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance of others when in a time of need. In this novel Kafka directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and physically. The relationship between Gregor and his father is in many ways similar to Franz and his father Herrman. The Metamorphosis also shows resemblance to some of Kafka’s diary entries that depict him imagining his own extinction by dozens of elaborated methods. This is a story about the author’s personal life portrayed through his dream-like fantasies.

Surreal and Existentialist Perspective We will be using the major concepts from surrealism as well as existentialism in order to explore the text more deeply. exploration of the unconscious mind the use of the odd and illogical as a critique of modern society dread and anxiety absurdism and alienation