HEAD AND FACE INJURIES CHAPTER 5 & 6

SKULL  28 BONES  DESIGNED TO PROTECT THE BRAIN  SUTURE-SPOT WHERE TWO BONES IN THE SKULL COME TOGETHER  MANDIBLE-ONLY MOVEABLE BONE IS SKULL

SKULL

THE BRAIN  WEIGHS 3LBS  BRAIN CELLS GROW AND DEVELOP UNTIL AGE 18, AFTER THAT DESTROYED BRAIN CELLS ARE NOT REPRODUCED  20% OF TOTAL BODY OXYGEN  15% OF TOTAL BODY BLOOD SUPPLY

BRAIN  AFTER 4-6 MINUTES WITHOUT OXYGEN BRAIN DEATH OCCURS

LOBES OF THE BRAIN  OCCIPITAL- VISION  TEMPORAL- HEARING AND SPEECH  PARIETAL- SENSATION  FRONTAL- VOLUNTARY MUSCLE MOVEMENT, EMOTION, EYE MOVEMENT

LOBES OF THE BRAIN  CEREBELLUM- MUSCLE ACTIONS, EQUILIBRIUM, REFLEXES  RIGHT SIDE OF BRAIN CONTROLS LEFT SIDE OF BODY AND VICE VERSA

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID  BATHES THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD IN CHEMICALS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING  MAINTAIN PRESSURE  SEVER HEAD INJURY CAN CAUSE FLUID TO DRAIN FROM EARS AND NOSE ALLOW THE FLUID TO DRAIN

SCALP  SKIN THAT COVERS THE SKULL PROTECTS AGAINST INFECTIONS  HAIR PROTECTS SCALP FROM SUN, KEEPS DIRT AND SWEAT AWAY FROM EYES

HEMATOMA  BREAKING OF BLOOD VESSLES UNDERSKIN  KNOT

PREVENTING HEAD INJURIES  HELMETS- CORRECT SIZE  MOUTH GUARDS- W/O MANDIBLE AND MAXILLA CAN COLLIDE WHICH WILL CAUSE A CONCUSSION OR LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS  RULES

HEAD INJURY MECHANISMS  IMPACT MOST COMMON  TEMPORAL REGION MOST COMMONLY INJURED  BRAIN MOVES TO OPPOSITE SIDE OF IMPACT  NERVE RECEPTORS CAN BECOME OVERLOADED CAUSING ATHLETE TO BECOME UNCONSCIOUS  AT THIS TIME THE BRAIN SORTS ALL THE IMPULSES BEFORE THE ATHLETE RETURNS TO CONSCIOUSNESS

ANATOMY OF FACIAL REGION  18 BONES OF THE FACE  MAJOR BONES: MAXILLAE-UPPER JAW MANDIBLE-LOWER JAW ZYGOMATIC-CHEEKBONES SPHENOID BONE-SINUSES NASAL BONE-BRIDGE OF NOSE

ANATOMY OF FACIAL REGION

THE EYE  SITS IN ORBITAL FORAMEN  LACK OF EYE MOVEMENT INDICATES HEAD INJURY OR EYE INJURY  AN INJURY THAT OCCURS FLUID TO DRAIN FROM EYE CAN CAUSE BLINDNESS

EYE ANATOMY  SCLERA-WHITE PART OF EYE  DISCOLORATION= LACK OF OXYGEN, LIVER DISEASE, POISONING

ANATOMY OF EYE  CORNEA- COVERS IRIS AND PUPIL, ADMITS LIGHT, CAN BE INJURED BY CONTACT LENSES OR SCRATCHED  IRIS RESPONDS TO LIGHT AND CHANGES THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL WHICH ADMITS LIGHT INTO THE EYE BRIGHT LIGHT- SMALLER PUPIL DARKNESS- LARGER PUPIL

ANATOMY OF EYE  RETINA- CONTAINS RODS AND CONES RODS- BLACK AND WHITE CONES-COLOR VISION  OPTIC NERVE- SENDS SIGNALS TO BRAIN DAMAGE RESULTS IN BLINDNESS

ANATOMY OF EYE  TEAR GLAND- UPPER LATERAL SIDE TEARS WASH DIAGNOLLY AND DRAIN INTO DUCT

THE EAR  PINNA- FUNNEL SOUND  EAR CANNAL- CARRIES SOUND  TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-EAR DRUM  EAR WAX- KEEP DIRT AWAY FROM MEMBRANE

THE NOSE  NASAL BONES- TWO SMALL BONES ON BRIDGE OF NOSE  REST OF NOSE IS CARTILAGE  HAIRS- FILTER IMPURITIES  AIR THAT IS INHALED THROUGH THE NOSE IS WARMED, CLEANSED, AND MOISTURIZED  BETTER FOR ASTHMA AND RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

MOUTH  MANDIBLE ( LOWER JAW)  MAXILLAE ( UPPER JAW)  TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT  TONGUE  PALATE (ROOF)  TEETH (32 ?) - LIVE TOOTH=WHITE, DEAD TOOTH=GREY

TEETH

PREVENTING FACIAL INJURIES  WEAR PROPER EQUIPMENT HELMETS MOUTH GUARDS FACE MASKS GOGGLES HEADGEAR SPECIAL MASKS OR PADDING

FACIAL INJURIES