Virus – Virion Virus – a non-living infectious agent Non-living – what does it mean to be ‘living’ Made of cells (nope) Use and obtain energy (not really)

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Virus – Virion Virus – a non-living infectious agent Non-living – what does it mean to be ‘living’ Made of cells (nope) Use and obtain energy (not really) Grow and develop (not really) Reproduce (nope)

Virus – Virion Have a genome (RNA or DNA) made of a few to several hundred genes A protein capsid Some have a membrane as well

Bacteriophage Infects bacteria Yep, nothing is safe

Flu virus

Virus – Virion Virion – Genetic material, capsid (and membrane if present) Virus – components in a cell, infected cell can also be considered ‘a virus’ For us, they’ll both be considered a virus

Virus – Virion A ‘virus’ finds the host cell Injects its genetic material into the host cell Host cell doesn’t know who’s genetic material it is Host cell ‘uses it’ and makes the virus

Virus – Virion A virus’ genetic material can be: ds DNA – your cells transcribe and translate it ss DNA – your cells transcribe and translate it ds RNA – translate ss RNA – translate it (or..?)

Virus – Virion Genetic material codes for protein coat (capsid) and enzymes to make the virus What happens if RNA gets injected into a cell? Either the cell immediately makes protein (translates) it AND copies the RNA AND makes the capsid

Virus – Virion OR sometimes Make a DNA copy of RNA What’s the Central Dogma? These viruses also provide enzyme – Reverse Transcriptase This enzyme makes DNA molecule from RNA template

Viral Infections Lytic Infection – Host cell makes the virus and bursts from accumulating viruses These viruses go on to infect other cells/hosts Lysogenic Infection – viral genome is incorporated into host cell’s genome - prophage Can be dormant for years At some point, becomes lytic

Viral Infections Host cell specificity Proteins on virus match proteins on your cell’s membrane Virus can get material inside

Viral Infections Host cell specificity Proteins on virus match proteins on your cell’s membrane Virus can get material inside

Viral Infections Because most viruses have ‘unstable’ genetic material, mutations happen easily LOTS of them and quick generation time Evolve quickly Don’t think evolution happens? Why can’t the ‘common cold’ be cured? Flu vaccine?

Viral Infection Prevention Immunization Parts of virus or killed virus Your immune system responds and kills it In doing so, builds your immune system to fight it You (usually) can’t get the same cold/flu twice ‘Different’ virus each time

Virus Research Ebola, Hanta, Rabies, HIV, Influenza, Pox (smallpox, chickenpox), HPV, Cold (rhinovirus), dengue, West Nile, hepatitis C Type of virus - ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA (+ - and retro) ‘picture’ of virus How it’s transmitted Causes, symptoms, effects of disease Region (if any) of infection Type of infection