SKELETAL SYSTEM Cartilage and joints

cartilage Connective tissue found in joints Specialized cells called chondrocytes Three types of cartilage –Elastic –Hyaline –Fibrocartilage Does not contain blood vessels Functions like a rubber cushion at ends of joints

elastic Cartilage More flexible than hyaline cartilage Provides the framework for the outer ears and also parts of the larynx

elastic Cartilage at the cellular level

hyaline Cartilage Most common type of cartilage Looks like “milk glass” Occurs on the ends of many joints, in the soft part of the nose, in supporting rings of respiratory passages Form most embryonic skeletal parts, which are later replaced by bone

Hyaline Cartilage at the cellular level

fibrocartilage “shock absorber” for structures that are subjected to pressure such as between the bones of the spine and between the bones of the pelvis

fibroCartilage at the cellular level

Compare cartilage cells to bone cells elasti c hyaline fibrocarti lage

Joint Types Synarthroses – immovable (such as cranial bones) Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable (such as synthesis pubis) Diathroses – freely moveable

Diathroses Joints 1 Ball-and-Socket- Joint 2 Condyloid Joint 3 Saddle Joint 4 Hinge Joint 5 Pivot Joint 6 (not pictured) gliding joint

Diathroses Joints Ball and Socket – shoulder, hip

Diathroses Joints Condyloid – wrist, ankle

Diathroses Joints Saddle – thumb

Diathroses Joints Hinge – elbow, knee, fingers, toes

Diathroses Joints Pivot – forearm, neck

Diathroses Joints Gliding - vertebrae