Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter Essential Question: What properties define matter? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What’s the Matter? What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter makes up the materials around you. Everything is made up of matter. Light, sound, and energy are not matter because they do not have mass or takes up space. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P6 Active Reading #5 Visualize It! #6

What is mass? Mass describes the amount of matter in an object. A gram (g) is a common measurement of mass. Objects of the same size can be made up of different amounts of matter. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. The greater the mass of an object, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the weight will be. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P7

How does mass differ from weight? You would weigh less on the moon because gravity on the moon 1/6 as strong as it is on Earth. Mass stays the same for an object even when increased or decreased gravitational forces change the weight of the object. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P7 7) Weight is the downward pull of an object due to gravity. Because gravity on the moon is less than Earth, an astronaut weighs less on the moon. MASS STAYS THE SAME

How are mass and weight measured? A triple-beam balance can be used to determine mass. The balance compares an object’s mass to countermasses. Weight is measured with a spring scale. The standard scientific unit for weight is the newton (N). A 100-g mass weighs approximately 1 N on Earth. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P8 Visualize It #8) Yes – this is a balance, so both sides need to balance. It would balance the same way on the moon or on Earth. MEASURES MASS

Measuring Mass – Triple-Beam Balance 1 st – Place the object on the scale. 2 nd – Slide the large weight (100g) to the right until the arm drops below the line. Move the rider back one groove. Make sure it “clicks” into place. 3 rd – Repeat this process with the top weight (10g). When the arm moves below the line, back it up one groove. 4 th – Slide the small weight (1g) on the front beam until the lines match up. 5 th – Add the amounts on each beam to find the total mass to the nearest tenth of a gram.

Measuring Space How is the amount of space occupied by matter measured? Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up, or occupies. Two objects may have similar volumes do not always have the same mass. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P9

How can volume be determined? An object’s volume can be determined by a formula if the object has a well-defined shape. For rectangular solids, volume equals the object’s length times width times height, or V = lwh To calculate volume, all measurements must be in the same units. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P10

How can volume be determined? Liquid volume is measured with a beaker or graduated cylinder in liters (L) or milliliters (mL). 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Displacement of water in a graduated cylinder can be used to find the volume of irregular-shaped solid objects. How many milliliters of fluid does this object displace? Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P12

Do the Math (p11) A.What do you know? B. What do you want to find? C. Draw and label a sketch D. write the formula E. substitute the given values F.Solve (multiply) G. Check your units A.Length = 30cm; Width = 40cm; height = 200cm B. Volume C. D.V=lwh E. V = 30cm x 40 cm x 200 cm F.240,000 cm 3 G. The given units are centimeters, and the measure found is volume. Therefore, the units should be cm 3

C 60 cm mL What causes the meniscus? A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.

Packing It In! What is density? Density is a measure of the amount of matter in a given volume. The density of a substance remains the same no matter how much of the substance you have. Density is mass divided by volume, or D = m/V. Common units for expressing density are grams per cubic centimeter, or g/cm 3. Water has a density of 1 g/mL. Thus, objects with density greater than 1 g/mL sink in water. Objects with density less than 1 g/mL float in water. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter P13

How is density determined? Density is mass divided by volume, or D = m/V. Common units for expressing density are grams per cubic centimeter, or g/cm 3. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Introduction to Matter Water has a density of 1 g/mL. Thus, objects with density greater than 1 g/mL sink in water. Objects with density less than 1 g/mL float in water. P13

Do the Math (p14) A.What do you know? B. What do you want to find? C. write the formula D. substitute the given values E.Solve (divide) F. Check your units A.Mass = 239.2g; Volume = 92 cm 3 B. Density C. D = m/v D. D = 239.2g / 92cm 3 E. 2.6 g/cm 3 F. The given units are grams per cubic centimeters and the measure found is density. Therefore the units should be g/cm 3

Do the Math (p15) A.What do you know? B. What do you want to find? C. write the formula D. substitute the given values E.Solve (divide) F. Check your units A.Volume = 9.5mL; Density = 2.6 g/cm 3 B. mass C. m= Dv D. m = 9.5 mL x 2.6 g/cm 3 E g F.The given units are g/cm 3 and mL, and the measure found is mass. Therefore, the units should be g

Visual Summary 17)An objects' weight is the amount of apace it occupies. 18)The mass of an object is equal to its weight. 19)The volume of a solid can be expressed in units of cm 3. 20)An object that floats in water is less dense than water. First you find mass of the object Then you find the volume of the object by water displacement for something that is irregularly shaped. For a regular shape object multiply lwh Density is a calculation dividing mass by volume