Political Independence Achieved Mythmaking and Making the Treaty of Paris, 1783.

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Presentation transcript:

Political Independence Achieved Mythmaking and Making the Treaty of Paris, 1783

Why peace? Burgoyne’s and Cornwallis’ losses were similar; why make peace? Domestic discord in London—Gordon Riots (1780) Cabinet opposed war: GIII essentially his own first minister since Second Battle of Ushant, 12 December 1781 Loss of Minorca to Spain, 6 February 1782 Lord North lost Confidence vote 20 March 1782 League of Armed Neutrality Battle of the Saintes, April 12, 1782.

Shelburne and Fox-North Governments William Petty Fitz-Maurice, Lord Shelburne, agreed to end Parliamentary opposition to George III and form government with Lord Rockingham on understanding that GIII would recognize independence of United States. (1782) Charles James Fox and Lord North form unlikely coalition; take power in Separate peace with United States.

A bulbous Charles James Fox, )

Treaty of Paris, 1783 Adams, Franklin, and Jay negotiated with David Hartley. Agreement reached on Sept. 3, Britain made separate agreements with France and Spain on Same day

Treaty Terms Recognizing the 13 colonies as free and sovereign States;[1] Establishing the boundaries between the United States and British North America (for an account of two strange anomalies resulting from this part of the Treaty, based on inaccuracies in the Mitchell Map, see Northwest Angle and the Republic of Indian Stream); Granting fishing rights to United States fishermen in the Grand Banks, off the coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side; The Congress of the Confederation will "earnestly recommend" to state legislatures to recognize the rightful owners of all confiscated lands "provide for the restitution of all estates, rights, and properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British subjects [Loyalists]"; United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of Loyalists; Prisoners of war on both sides are to be released and all property left by the British army in the United States unmolested (including slaves); Great Britain and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River; Territories captured by Americans subsequent to treaty will be returned without compensation; Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing by the contracting parties.

Difficulties with Treaty Loyalist Property Payment to British creditors Boundaries with Spain and Canada Use of the Mississippi