Wet tropospheric correction comparison for Jason-1 mission between GPD V2.0 (FCUP) and GPD V1.1 corrections The GPD V2.0 correction is referred to as GPD_V2.0.

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Wet tropospheric correction comparison for Jason-1 mission between GPD V2.0 (FCUP) and GPD V1.1 corrections The GPD V2.0 correction is referred to as GPD_V2.0 in the following study The GPD V1.1 correction is referred to as GPD_V1.1 Lionel Zawadzki, Michael Ablain (CLS)

Introduction: We will observe and analyse the impact of the new GPD wet troposphere correction V2.0 by comparison to its previous version V1.1 for Jason-1 mission and climate applications The main differences between the two corrections are described in the corresponding technical note In order to determine the impact of the new wet troposphere correction in terms of climate applications and temporal scales, we will try in this study to indicate for each impact detected if it’s a positive (+) or a negative (-) impact : Wet tropospheric correction comparison for Jason-1 mission No impact detected Low impact Significant impact

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months Global Mean Sea Level Significant impact detected on Global Mean Sea Level trend  0.15 mm/yr on the Global MSL is significant. Temporal evolution of SLA mean calculated globally.

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) + (jump reduction 2008) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months Global Mean Sea Level Significant impact detected on Inter annual Signals  The figure below shows the mean difference between the two corrections calculated globally by cycle.  A significant impact is visible from Summer 2008 to Winter 2009, which is a correction of a bug in GPD V1.1 (see dedicated note). To be confirmed, but the impact should be about 0.8mm, and here only ~0.4mm is detected

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months Global Mean Sea Level No impact detected on Annual and Semi-annual Signals

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months No impact detected on a short temporal scale (signals < 2 months): No impact detected on a short temporal scale (signals < 2 months):  Crossovers Variance Differences are generally positive but inferior to 0.1 cm²  The map of SSH crossovers Variance Differences shows that the low degradations are mainly at mid-latitudes, below 50°. Mesoscale

 Map of Variance differences of Sea Surface Height at crossovers between the GPD_V2.0 and GPD_V1.1 corrections (over all the period): - Low degradations between ±20 and ±50° latitudes (+0.2 cm²)  Temporal evolution of Variance differences of Sea Surface Height at crossovers between two GPD corrections : - No significant impact over all the period

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months Low impact detected on Regional Mean Sea Level  We observe a low impact (~ +0.1 mm/yr) globally, and up to 0.2mm/yr in coastal areas. Regional Mean Sea Level

 Map of Sea Level Anomaly differences between two GPD corrections (over all the period)

Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months  amplitude differences reach -1mm for annual and semi-annual signals at mid-latitudes, and +1mm in the Tropical band  It’s not possible to determine which correction is the best one for theses scales Regional Mean Sea Level Low impact detected on Annual and Semi-Annual Signals

Regional Mean Sea Level  Map of Sea Level Anomaly differences amplitude for annual signal  Map of Sea Level Anomaly differences amplitude for semi-annual signal SLA with GPD_V2.0 amplitude – SLA with GPD_V1.1 amplitude : semi- annual signal SLA with GPD_V2.0 amplitude – SLA with GPD_V1.1 amplitude : annual signal

Regional Mean Sea Level  Map of Sea Level Anomaly differences phase for annual signal.  Map of Sea Level Anomaly differences phase for semi-annual signal. To be noted a phase value equal to 30° corresponds to a period of one month SLA with GPD_V2.0 phase – SLA with GPD_V1.1 phase : semi- annual signal SLA with GPD_V2.0 phase – SLA with GPD_V1.1 phase: annual signal

 Map of Mean differences between GPD_V2.0 and GPD_V1.1 (extension period) On this map we observe clearly differences in the tropical band. Considering a global bias, the impact is about 2mm in this area  Map of Standard deviation differences between GPD_V2.0 and GPD_V1.1 (extension period) On this map we observe differences up to 5mm near coasts, but generally stays below 2mm Regional statistics between corrections

To conclude: GPD_V2.0 correction extension shows performances equivalent to its previous version.  Performances at crossovers are equivalent and the analysis of MSL shows no degradation nor improvement over this period.  The bug over 2008 in the GPD_V1.1 induced by the bug in the “enhancement products” seems attenuated but is still present.  There is however a strong impact on the long term evolution at global scale Jason-1 Climate Applications Temporal Scales Round Robin Data Package (RRDP) GPD_V2.0 Versus GPD_V1.1 Global Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Inter annual signals (> 1 year) + Annual and semi-annual Signals Regional Mean Sea Level Long-term evolution (trend) Annual and semi-annual Signals Mesoscale Signals < 2 months Wet tropospheric correction comparison for Jason-1 mission