Ancient Rome Section 2 From Republic to Empire. Background In the early days of the roman Republic, farmers fulfilled their duty to Rome by serving in.

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Ancient Rome Section 2 From Republic to Empire

Background In the early days of the roman Republic, farmers fulfilled their duty to Rome by serving in the army As Rome grew, the aristocracy became more powerful As Rome became a more powerful force in the Mediterranean, problems arose in Rome itself

Growing Unrest Senate and political offices controlled by small circle of wealthy and powerful families Wealthy landowners bought out small farmers Eventually these farmers drifted to the cities and formed a large class of landless poor Large gap between rich and poor created tension

Two Brothers Two brothers named Tiberius and Gaius tried to pass land reform bills These bills included: Limits to the size of big estates Gave land to the poor Brothers were murdered by the members of the Senate who were part of the wealthy landowners

Civil War BC Ambitious men competed for power and money

1 st Triumvirate Three men emerged as victors in the civil wars Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey Formed a triumvirate – a government by three people of equal power Crassus dies, and Caesar defeats Pompey for power Caesar eventually becomes the single ruler

Julius Caesar Became dictator in 45 BC Gave land to the poor Created jobs Increased senate to 900 members Granted citizenship to his supports Introduced the solar calendar Murdered in 44 BC because he was getting too powerful

2 nd Triumvirate Octavian (Caesar’s nephew) Anthony (Caesar’s right hand man) Lepidus (Caesar’s army commander) After a few years only Octavian remained Octavian became supreme ruler and became known as Augustus

Age of Augustus Became the first Roman emperor Kept a large army Agricultural and trade economy Stabilized frontiers of the Roman empire Conquered many new lands Built public buildings Set up a civil service Died in AD 14 Divided Rome into east and west

Pax Romana Early Rome under Augustus started the Pax Romana meaning “Roman Peace” A 200 year time of peace and prosperity Emperors during this time created new social reforms State funded programs to help educate the poor Building of aqueducts, bridges, roads, and harbors

Expansion of the Empire Roman empire coverd 3 ½ million square miles in its height 50 million population Citizenship granted to every free person Spread of Roman culture

Economy and Society Still great gap between rich and poor Wealthy had lives of leisure and lived in luxury villas on large estates Poor worked in shops and markets, depended on the emperor’s handouts of grain to survive

Activity #3 Get a book Get a white piece of paper from Mrs. Murray Turn to page 158 You will draw and label map titled Roman Empire: Trade and Expansion Must include:  Roman Empire (colored in)  Trade routes  6 of the 13 goods traded (your choice) with symbols for each of the 6  A key telling me what is what