Integumentary System 11 th Grade Health

5 Functions of the Skin Protection 1 st line of defense from infections for our immune system Regulates Body Temperature When internal body temperatures rise, the blood flow increases near the surface allowing heat to escape (causes sweating) Subcutaneous fat layer insulates our bodies which keeps it warm Produces Vitamin D helps bones absorb calcium keeping them strong

Sense of Touch Nerve receptors in the dermis help us detect pain, temperature, texture, and pressure Waste Exchange Sweat glands in the skin release waste in the sweat

3 Layers of Skin Epidermis 1 st layer of skin Outside layer, very thin Made of dead and dying skin cells Contains melanin- gives skin color

Dermis 2 nd layer of skin Under the epidermis, thick layer Made of living cells Includes hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, sebaceous oils glands, and pores Contains over 3 million sweat glands that help regulate body temperature

Subcutaneous 3 rd layer of skin Layer of fat under the dermis Storage of fat Storehouse for extra energy for the body Helps pad the body and keep it warm

Burns 1st Degree Epidermis Redness at sight of burn Somewhat painful (sunburn) 2nd Degree Epidermis and/or dermis blisters Blotches Painful 3rd Degree All layers of skin as well as muscle, nerves, fat and bone Brown or black coloring Either very painful or not at all – most deadly

Treatment of Burns 1 st Degree Use cool cloths on burned areas Take frequent cool showers or baths Apply soothing lotions that contain aloe vera to burned areas to relieve pain and swelling 2 nd Degree Rinse burned skin with cool water until the pain stops Rinsing will usually stop the pain in 15 to 30 minutes Do not use ice or ice water, which can cause tissue damage 3 rd Degree Call 911 immediately Raise the injury above your heart Don’t get undressed, but make sure no clothing is stuck to the burn DO NOT apply cool water to 3 rd degree burn Can cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia) or a drop in blood pressure and decreased blood flow (shock).

Skin Cancer Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers, with over 1 million people in the U.S. diagnosed each year with some type of the disease. The abnormal growth of skin cells Most often develops on skin exposed to the sun Can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight

You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by limiting or avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at its earliest stages. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the greatest chance for successful skin cancer treatment.

Basal cell carcinoma Usually occurs in sun-exposed areas of your body, such as your neck or face. May appear as: Pearly or waxy bump Flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion Moles and small growths; least dangerous

Squamous cell carcinoma Occurs on sun-exposed areas of your body, such as your face, ears and hands. People with darker skin are more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma on areas that aren't often exposed to the sun. Squamous cell carcinoma may appear as: Firm, red nodule Flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface Larger area affected; similar to basal cell

Melanoma Can develop anywhere on your body, in otherwise normal skin or in an existing mole that becomes cancerous. Can occur on skin that hasn't been exposed to the sun. Most severe; often deadly since it spreads easily Melanoma signs include: A large brownish spot with darker speckles A mole that changes in color, size or feel or that bleeds A small lesion with an irregular border and portions that appear red, white, blue or blue-black

Cancer Warning for Skin (A) Asymmetry – unevenness of mole (B) Border – blurred, notched, scalloped or indistinct (C) Color – more than just brown- blue/black/red and white (D) Diameter – larger than 6 mm report to doctor (E) Evolving - looks different from the rest or is changing in size, shape or color.

Visuals - Skin Cancer Signs

Five Types of Skin Injuries Cut/laceration/incision A skin wound with separation of the connective tissue elements None of the skin is missing, the skin is just separated Caused by a sharp object (such as a knife or a shard of glass) Scrape/abrasion A shallow scrape on the skin surface Most commonly found on the hands, elbows, or knees Exposes millions of nerve endings, it can be very painful Other terms for an abrasion include a scrape, a rug burn, a road rash, or a strawberry. Avulsion (flap of skin/tissue) a wound where tissue is not just separated but torn away from the body

Puncture Caused by an object piercing the skin and creating a small hole. Some punctures are just on the surface. Others can be very deep, depending on the source and cause. Bruise A common skin discoloration that results from the breakage of tiny blood vessels leaking under the skin after a traumatic injury. Typically recognized as a black and blue mark Also known as a contusion

Basic First Aid for Open Wounds 1. Cover the wound – a clean cloth over the wound will help protect against infection (replace with new cloth periodically) 2. Stop the bleeding – apply direct pressure with a thick clean cloth (using latex gloves if possible). Use tourniquet if bleeding is severe. 3. Elevate the wound above heart– use gravity to slow down the blood loss 4. Pressure Point – Used if direct pressure along with elevation don’t work.

Poisoning Snake and Spider Bites Call 911 Keep victim still – venom will spread slower Keep bitten area below heart Delay spread of venom – don’t put anything cold on bite or use aspirin

Contact of Plants (Poison Ivy, etc.) Remove infected clothing Wash with large amounts of soap and water Soothe itching with calamine lotion If severe, seek medical attention

Relation to Other Body Systems Nervous – sense of touch (pressure, pain, hot, cold) Excretory – remove excess water waste through pores Lymphatic – first line of defense against pathogens