13.1 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire are reunited under Charlemagne’s empire.

HOME Chapter Overview After Charlemagne’s empire dissolves, people look to local leaders for protection from invaders. Feudalism and knighthood develop as a result of this need for protection. Later kings fail to revive Charlemagne’s empire. They struggle with the Church for power. European Middle AgesEuropean Middle Ages, 500–1200 McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

511 Clovis unites Franks under Christian rule. 732 Charles Martel stops Muslim invasion. 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope. Time Line HOME European Middle Ages, 500– Otto the Great crowned emperor. 900s Outside invasions spur growth of feudalism Holy Roman Empire weakens. McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

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Invasions cause the fall of the Roman Empire, which is replaced by small kingdoms. The leader of the Frankish kingdom converts to Christianity. This religion spreads through western Europe as the Frankish kingdom expands. Charlemagne builds the Frankish kingdom into an empire. Key Idea Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne 1 HOME McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne’s empire. Charlemagne spread Christian civilization through northern Europe, where it had a permanent impact. Overview 1 Middle Ages Franks monastery secular Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne TERMS & NAMES HOME MAP Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Charlemagne McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved p.317

NEXT European Middle Ages, 500–1200 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Feudalism in Europe The Age of Chivalry The Power of the Church McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT Invasions of Western Europe Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Effects of Constant Invasions and Warfare Germanic invaders overrun western Roman Empire in 400s Fighting disrupts trade and government; people abandon cities Marks the beginning of the Middle Ages—period from 500 to 1500 The Decline of Learning As cities are abandoned, level of learning declines Knowledge of Greek language and culture is almost completely lost SECTION 1 Loss of a Common Language Introduction of German language changes Latin; dialects develop McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT Germanic Kingdoms Emerge SECTION 1 Years of Upheaval Between 400 and 600 Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provinces Continual wars change borders between kingdoms The Church provides order and security The Concept of Government Changes Germans held together by family ties and loyalty, not government Small communities are governed by unwritten rules and traditions Germanic warriors pledge loyalty to their chief; live in lord’s hall Continued... McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT continued Germanic Kingdoms Emerge SECTION 1 Clovis Rules the Franks Germanic people called Franks hold power in Roman province of Gaul Clovis, leader of the Franks, converts to Christianity in 496 Leads warriors against other Germanic armies Unites Franks into one kingdom with Church’s help by 511 McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT Germans Adopt Christianity SECTION 1 How the Church Spread Frankish rulers convert Germanic peoples to Christianity Missionaries travel to convert Germanic and Celtic groups Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts Church builds monasteries—where monks live to study and serve God Italian monk, Benedict, writes rules that govern monastic lifeBenedict, His sister Scholastica adapts rules for nuns living in convents Monks establish schools, preserve learning through libraries Continued... McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT continued Germans Adopt Christianity SECTION 1 Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory the Great, becomes pope Under Gregory, Church becomes secular—a political power Pope’s palace becomes center of Roman government Uses Church money to raise armies, care for poor, negotiate treaties Establishes a Christendom—churchly kingdom fanning out from Rome McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT An Empire Evolves SECTION 1 Europe’s Kingdoms The Franks control largest and strongest of Europe’s many kingdoms By 511, Frankish rule extends over what is now France Charles Martel Emerges Most powerful official in kingdom is major domo—mayor of the palace In 719, major domo Charles Martel becomes more powerful than king Defeats Muslims from Spain at Tours in 732; becomes a Christian hero Son, Pepin, begins Carolingian Dynasty— family that ruled 751–987 McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT Charlemagne Becomes Emperor SECTION 1 From Pepin to Charlemagne Pepin dies in 768, leaves kingdom to two sons; in 771 one son dies Second son, Charlemagne (Charles the Great), rules kingdom Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule Charlemagne’s armies reunite western Europe, spread Christianity In 800, Charlemagne travels to Rome to protect Pope Leo III from mobs Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor; gives him title, “Roman Emperor” Germanic power, Church, heritage of Roman Empire now joined together Continued... McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

NEXT continued Charlemagne Becomes Emperor SECTION 1 Charlemagne Leads a Revival Charlemagne limits nobles’ power by governing through royal agents Encourages learning and orders monasteries to open schools Charlemagne’s Heirs Charlemagne dies in 814; his son, Louis the Pious, rules poorly Louis’s three grandsons fight for control of empire In 843 they divide empire into three kingdoms; sign Treaty of Verdun McDougal Litell Inc., All rights reserved

Review Slides Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Directions: In your notebook, write the correct term next to the corresponding number. Germanic Kingdoms 400 AD – 700 AD Farmers & Herders No (1)____________________ or laws Carved up (2)____________________ (3)___________________ - most successful Germanic group (4)___________________ - king of the Franks, converted to Christianity Monks and Nuns Could withdraw from (5)___________________ life to monasteries and convents Benedictine Rule 520- Benedict made rules for (6)_____________ &(7) _____________ that established the basic form of monasticism in the Catholic Church Took oath of (8)________________________ Main duties- (9)______________________ & worship Also manual (10)______________ - worked fields

Charles Martel (11)____________________ swept from the Middle East Battle of (12) _____________ (732) - Frankish warriors defeated Muslim army. (13)_______________________ between two religions The Age of Charlemagne In 800, his (14)_______________________ stretched across France, Germany & Italy. Encouraged (15)_____________________ Pope Leo III Called on (16)___________________________________ to help with rebellious Romans (17)______________________________________ was crowned emperor Eastern Roman emperor thought this was (18)____________________ Widened the (19)_____________ between Eastern & Western Rome Charlemagne’s Heirs Charlemagne died in 814 & empire fell apart 843- Treaty of (20)___________________ - split the empire into 3 parts.

Section 1 Essays Directions: Answer 5 of the 15 questions below in your notebook and label SECTION 1 ESSAYS 1.What are the Middle Ages/Medieval Period? 2.What trends emerged as a result of repeated Germanic invasions? 3.How were the Germanic tribes different from the united Roman Empire (think languages, learning, concept of government)? 4. Who is Clovis and what did he do? Who are the Franks? 5. How was Christianity spread to the Germanic peoples? 6. What is a monastery and what is a convent? What were they like and why were they important? 7. How did Gregory I expand papal power? 8. What is the Merovingian Dynasty? 9. Who is Charles Martel and what did he accomplish? 10. What is the Carolingian Dynasty? Who is Charles Martel’s son and grandson who expanded Frankish rule? 11. What did Charlemagne do to expand his empire? 12. When was Charlemagne crowned the Holy Roman Emperor and by whom? 13. How did Charlemagne govern his territory? 14. How did Charlemagne revive culture? 15. What happened to Charlemagne’s empire after his death (mention Treaty of Verdun)?