The Crusades Unit 2, Chapter 6, Section 2 Unit 2, Chapter 9, Section and 4.3.5

The Cause Definition – A series of conflicts between Christian armies and Muslim armies The holy land is occupied by Muslim forces (seljuk Turks) Byzantine (Christian) leader Alexius I asks all of Europe for help to reclaim the land Subsequent military engagements known as Crusades

How do we get Christians to believe in this? “All who die…shall have immediate remission of sins.” –Pope Urban II “It is the will of God, it is the will of God.”

The First Crusade 1099 – European Crusaders take Jerusalem –Extremely bloody Set up smaller states around Jerusalem surrounded by Muslim territory

The Second Crusade Muslims retake one of the Crusader states Second Crusade formed but fails miserably 1187 – Saladin takes back Jerusalem Basis of the film “Kingdom of Heaven”

Third Crusade 1189 – Christians arrive, capture coastal cities but cannot retake Jerusalem Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) negotiates to allow Christian Pilgrims access

Fourth Crusade Roughly 1200 – Italian Crusaders look to recapture Jerusalem 1204 – Crusaders attack… –Constantinople? –Italy and Byzantium (Constantinople) were competitors in trade

1212 – The Children’s Crusade Went to Italy, Pope told them to go home Roughly the same time, 20,000 French kids promised by French ship leader to be taken to Holy Land Seven ships, two go down in a storm, the other five taken to North Africa –The kids are then sold into slavery