Properties of Matter

Matter What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Remember: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in Kg. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up and is measured in L or m 3. 55ml = _____ cm 3 Volume = length x width x heightFormula?? The particle model of matter shows that all forms of matter are made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion.

Mass vs. Weight moon.jpg More review: What is the difference between mass and weight? 2.phys.uaf.edu/211_fall2002.web.dir/Melissa_Smith/Pictures/Bigjupiter.j pg

Inertia boulder and pebbles Is a property of matter... (Bill Nye the Science Guy) Race car and dump truck Intro to Newton’s first law: it’s harder to move a boulder than a pebble because of inertia just like it is harder to move a dump truck. But once the dump truck gets started moving it is harder to stop because of inertia. We’ll do more later.

Physical Properties Physical properties do not change the matter’s identity. Properties common to all matter: Mass, volume, and density.

Other Physical Properties Color Size Shape Phase (solid, liquid, gas) Luster (how shiny something is) Ductility (pulled into wire) Malleability (moldable) Solubility (able to dissolve) Conductivity (able to transfer heat or electricity)

What are the physical properties for the following? Iron Pyrite RocksMilk Hot Cocoa Aluminum Foil Sugar Cubes Wooden cooking utensils Copper Wire

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe matter’s ability to change into new matter with different properties. Reactivity: The ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances.

Flammability: the ability of a substance to burn.

Chemical Changes Hydrogen gas + Oxygen gas = liquid water A chemical change is the process of one or more substances combining to form a new substance with different properties. 2H = 2H 2 0

Evidence of Chemical Change Change in color or odor Formation of a gas Release or absorption of energy (sound, light, heat) Formation of a precipitate (solid formed)

Physical Changes A physical change is the process in which matter changes in size, shape, or phase (state). A new substance is NOT made. The composition stays the same.

Phases of Matter What are the three main states or phases of matter? Gases Liquids Solids

How are the particles arranged and what is the speed of them? SolidSlow movement Liquid Faster - flow past each other Gas Fastest - flow past each other

What is responsible for the changes in state? Heat Energy!!

Changes in State(Phase) Melting Point: where a solid becomes a liquid. Waters melting point is 0 o C at sea level. Freezing Point: the same as melting point but a liquid becomes a solid. Evaporation: the change of state from liquid to a gas but it happens below the boiling point because the particles at the surface have enough energy to break free and become a gas. Boiling Point: where a liquid becomes a gas because enough heat energy is added to excite the molecules so they can escape as a gas.

Sublimation: a change of state from a solid to a gas. Condensation: a change in state from a gas to a liquid.