RIP Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee (1967) HOMEWORK – DUE Monday 2/1/16 HOMEWORK – DUE Monday 2/1/16 BW 2 (Bookwork) CH 2 #’s 1-7 all, 14, 19, 21, 23, 36, all, 57, all, 81, 82, 113, 114, 116, 127, 132 BW 2 (Bookwork) CH 2 #’s 1-7 all, 14, 19, 21, 23, 36, all, 57, all, 81, 82, 113, 114, 116, 127, 132 WS 2 (Worksheet) (from course website) WS 2 (Worksheet) (from course website) HOMEWORK – DUE Wednesday 2/3/16 HOMEWORK – DUE Wednesday 2/3/16 BW 3.1 (Bookwork) CH 3 #’s 3, 4, all, 26, 27 BW 3.1 (Bookwork) CH 3 #’s 3, 4, all, 26, 27 WS 3 (Worksheet) (from course website) WS 3 (Worksheet) (from course website) HOMEWORK – DUE Monday 2/8/16 HOMEWORK – DUE Monday 2/8/16 BW 3.2 (Bookwork) CH 3 #’s 41, 45, 48, all, 68, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79, 85, 88, 95, 96, 104, 119, 124 BW 3.2 (Bookwork) CH 3 #’s 41, 45, 48, all, 68, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79, 85, 88, 95, 96, 104, 119, 124 WS 4 (Worksheet) (from course website) WS 4 (Worksheet) (from course website) Lab Wednesday/Thursday Lab Wednesday/Thursday EXP 1 EXP 1 Lab Monday/Tuesday Lab Monday/Tuesday EXP 2 EXP 2

Announcements Chem 311 – Strategies for Problem Solving in Chemistry Chem 311 – Strategies for Problem Solving in Chemistry Fridays from 12:00 – 2:25 PM in room 401 Fridays from 12:00 – 2:25 PM in room 401 Beacon Beacon M/W 3:00 – 5:00 M/W 3:00 – 5:00 T/R 10:00 – 12:00 T/R 10:00 – 12:00 F 8:30 – 10:30 F 8:30 – 10:30

Give the atom notation for the following: 1) an atom with 82 p + and 126 n o 2) an atom of iron with 28 n o and 26 e - 3) an ion of element 29 having 34 n o and 27 e Pb Fe Cu 82 p n o = +2

Information from the Periodic Table = amu (atomic mass) = amu (atomic mass) (atomic number) 20 = (atomic number) 8 =

Atomic Masses Measured in the unit amu Stands for atomic mass unit Defined as 1/12 th the mass of a 12 C atom 35 Cl = amu 50 V = amu 79 Br = amu Are these what the P.T. say?

All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal Weighted averages Weighted averages

All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal Atomic mass is a WEIGHTED average of isotopes HUH?? FinalQuiz Possible You earned 2855 average = (93.75%)(6.25%) (score 1 x weight 1 ) + (score 2 x weight 2 ) = grade (285 (285 x ) (285 x ) + (5 (285 x ) + (5 x ) = (285 x ) + (5 x ) = 267.5

All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal Weighted averages Weighted averages An equation (oh crap) An equation (oh crap) 35 Cl = amu 35 Cl = amu Abundance = 75.77% Abundance = 75.77% 37 Cl = amu 37 Cl = amu Abundance = 24.23% Abundance = 24.23% These must be the only 2 isotopes... Why? These must be the only 2 isotopes... Why?

35 Cl = amu Abundance = 75.77% 37 Cl = amu Abundance = 24.23% x x = 35.45amu Where have I seen this before? Periodic Table gives AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS in amu!! = = All Isotopes are NOT Created Equal

78.90% of all magnesium is 24 Mg  amu 10.00% of all magnesium is 25 Mg  amu 11.10% of all magnesium is 26 Mg  amu 11.10% % = amu A Problem! What is the average atomic mass of magnesium?

Some Algebra and a New Equation decimal, not % (i.e not 12.34%) For solving for % abundance multiply by 100 to get percentages

DO NOT use “normal” averages DO NOT use “normal” averages If asked for two percent-abundances, use: If asked for two percent-abundances, use: If asked for ANYTHING else: If asked for ANYTHING else: Isotopes Calculation Summary

Another Problem! Lead has 4 isotopes, the masses and abundances of which can be found in the following table. Your job? Calculate the isotope mass of lead-207. lead amu 1.40% lead amu 24.10% lead-207???? lead amu 52.40% ???? 22.10% X = Lead-207 = amu

A Problem! Thallium has 2 isotopes, and. has a mass of amu and has a mass of amu. What are the percent abundances of each of the isotopes?  Abundance 1 = 30.2%  Abundance 2 = 69.8%

A Problem! Bromine has 2 isotopes, and. has a mass of amu and has a mass of amu. What are the percent abundances of each of the isotopes?  Abundance 1 = 50.44%  Abundance 2 = 49.56%

Percent Composition How much of each element makes up a compound

What is the percent composition of each element in strontium phosphite? Percent Composition

What is the percent composition of each element in strontium phosphite? Sr 3 (PO 3 ) 2 Percent Composition

A certain compound is 30.06% oxygen by mass and the rest is iron. How many kilograms of the compound are needed in order to obtain 35 kg of iron?

PeriodicTableof theElements Periodic: Having or marked by repeating patterns Table: An arrangement of words, numbers, or symbols, or combinations of them, as in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form Elements: A substance that cannot be broke down into simpler substances by chemical means

The Modern Periodic Table Mendeleev Mendeleev Set up the periodic table based on atomic mass Set up the periodic table based on atomic mass Moseley Moseley Set it up by atomic number rather than atomic mass Set it up by atomic number rather than atomic mass Periodic Law – properties occur in a repeating pattern when set up by atomic number. Periodic Law – properties occur in a repeating pattern when set up by atomic number.

: 87 of the 118 elements are metals. They appear on the left side of the Periodic Table. Metals: 87 of the 118 elements are metals. They appear on the left side of the Periodic Table.  Some common properties of metals are:  Solid at room temperature  (except mercury which is a liquid)  Good conductor of heat and electricity  Lustrous on fresh surfaces  Malleable and ductile

Metals

: Appear on the right side of the Periodic Table. 18 elements are nonmetals. Nonmetals: Appear on the right side of the Periodic Table. 18 elements are nonmetals. Eleven are gases at room temperature (H, N, O, F, Ne, etc.) Eleven are gases at room temperature (H, N, O, F, Ne, etc.) Five are solids (C, P, S, Se, I) Five are solids (C, P, S, Se, I) One is a liquid (Br). One is a liquid (Br). Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Non-Metals

 Seven elements are metalloids.  Metalloids: Seven elements are metalloids.  Their properties are between those of metals and nonmetals.  Metalloids are semiconductors and are important to the electronics industry.

Metalloids

Metals, Metalloids, Nonmetals

The Modern Periodic Table Main group elements Main group elements Also known as representative elements Also known as representative elements Transition metals Transition metals Inner transition metals Inner transition metals

Main Group, Transition, Inner Transition

The Modern Periodic Table Periods (series) Periods (series) Labeled Labeled 1 - 7

The Modern Periodic Table Groups (families) Groups (families) Columns Columns 2 different labeling systems 2 different labeling systems A-B A-B

A few definitions… Main Group Elements: Main Group Elements: Groups 1 and 2 and 13 – 18 Groups 1 and 2 and 13 – 18 Groups A Groups A

Main Group Elements

A few definitions… Main Group Elements: Main Group Elements: Groups 1 and 2 and 13 – 18 Groups 1 and 2 and 13 – 18 Groups A Groups A Transition Elements: Transition Elements: Groups 3 – 12 Groups 3 – 12 Groups B Groups B

Transition Elements

Groups of Elements Vertical columns are called groups Vertical columns are called groups Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 1 = Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Groups of Elements Vertical columns are called groups Vertical columns are called groups Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Groups of Elements Vertical columns are called groups Vertical columns are called groups Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals Group 17 = Halogens Group 17 = Halogens

Halogens

Groups of Elements Vertical columns are called groups Vertical columns are called groups Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 1 = Alkali Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals Group 17 = Halogens Group 17 = Halogens Group 18 = Noble Gases Group 18 = Noble Gases

Noble Gases

The Modern Periodic Table Main group elements Main group elements Also known as representative elements Also known as representative elements Transition metals Transition metals Inner transition metals Inner transition metals Lanthanide series Lanthanide series

Lanthanide Series

Actinide Series

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases, Lanthanides, Actinides

Diatomic Elements Elements that exist as diatomic molecules when UNCOMBINED (meaning not in a compound with other elements). Elements that exist as diatomic molecules when UNCOMBINED (meaning not in a compound with other elements). H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2

Diatomic Elements

Elements the exist as diatomic molecules when UNCOMBINED (meaning not in a compound with other elements). Elements the exist as diatomic molecules when UNCOMBINED (meaning not in a compound with other elements). H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 Examples of when these elements are NOT diatomic NaCl TiBr 4 BiF 5 AlI 3 K3NK3N