C Morritt Protein Synthesis Starfish Text pages 472 to 481

C Morritt DNA 5 Describe the process of protein synthesis; Explain the importance of proteins. Describe transcription Describe translation

C Morritt Explain the importance of proteins. Proteins are chemicals that make up organisms. Many of them are enzymes, which are responsible for all biochemical reactions in organisms.

C Morritt PROTEIN S Support Some Hormones Transport Enzymes Cell membranes Muscle Connective tissue Anabolic Digestive Catabolic Gas transport in blood Human Growth Hormone ATPase Insulin Haemoglobin Protein Channels Respiratory Amylase Photosynthesis Protein synthesis Collagen

The Structure of Protein Molecules amino acids linked with peptide bonds a chain of many amino acids linked with many peptide bonds is called a polypeptide. a protein many contain many polypeptides C Morritt

Protein folding C Morritt

8 Protein Structures Hydrogen bond Pleated sheet Amino acid (a) Primary structure Hydrogen bond Alpha helix (b) Secondary structure Polypeptide (single subunit) (c) Tertiary structure (d) Quaternary structure

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Compare a DNA Molecule with a protein molecule Both are long chains of smaller units

C Morritt Compare a DNA Molecule with a protein molecule Small units Amino acidsNucleotides LONG TWISTED CHAINS

C Morritt Question 2. How do genes in the DNA encode for proteins? A sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule codes for an amino acid. A strand of DNA codes for a protein molecule A very long strand of DNA codes for many related proteins. This very long strand of DNA is called a gene.

C Morritt All-Write Round Robin Protein Molecules Name the sub-units of a protein molecule. Describe the organisation of a protein molecule. Where in the cell are protein molecules assembled? Describe some of the uses of protein molecules. DNA Name the sub-units of a DNA molecule. Describe the organisation of a DNA molecule. Where in the cell do DNA molecules work? Describe how the DNA molecule codes for protein molecules.

C Morritt Explain How DNA Is Used To Build A Protein dc02.sci.life.gen.proteinsynth/ dc02.sci.life.gen.proteinsynth/

The sequence of nitrogenous bases stores genetic information. – In DNA each triplet of bases is a code for an amino acid. – The sequence of triplets of nitrogenous bases is called a gene. Many amino acids bonded together make a protein. nucleus ribosome Many amino acids bonded together make a protein. mRNA tRNA

The sequence of nitrogenous bases stores genetic information. – Each triplet of bases is a code for an amino acid. – The sequence of triplets of nitrogenous bases is called a gene. Many amino acids bonded together make a protein. nucleus ribosome Many amino acids bonded together make a protein. mRNA tRNA

How to make a car Instructions for assembly of parts in engineer’s office. Usable copies of instructions at assembly line. A car. Copy instructions Follow assembly instructions. Words engineers understand. Words assemblers understand. Different parts assembled in correct way.

Protein Synthesis transcription translation

The Genetic Code See Fig. 10.8

C Morritt Transcription (copying) mRNA –similar to DNA but –Single strand and –has the base uracil instead of thymine

C Morritt Translation ( assembling proteins) tRNA Similar to mRNA but single strandis folded Carries a specific amino acid

C Morritt Today Finsh all photocopied sheets Finish all text work including end-of- chapter questions 1 to 17 DNA Concept Map

Concept Map - DNA Structure Replication Protein synthesis –Transcription –Translation Enzymes involved C Morritt