The rise of Hitler Born 1889 in Austria Lived in poverty in Munich (Germany) and Vienna (Austria). Tried to make it as an artist His life was transformed by the outbreak of WW1 Joined German army, became corporal Was horrified when Germany lost war, detested the Versailles Treaty

A photo of Hitler in the crowd in Munich 1914 when war has just been declared

The rise of Hitler Moved to Munich (in Bavaria) after the war This was a very traditional and conservative area In 1919 he joined a tiny group called the German Worker’s Party. (  Deutsche Arbeiters Partei (DAP) Here he discovered his talent as a brilliant public speaker.

The NSDAP (or Nazis) In 1920 he changed the DAP name to “National Socialist German Workers Party” In German: Die National Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter Partei (NSDAP) Shortened to: Nazi

Why the swastika? The NSDAP adopted the swastika as their symbol. (In German: Hakenkreuz or “Hook Cross”) At the time it was symbol of luck and strength, believed to be linked to early western civilisations. In German nationalist circles, the swastika was considered a symbol of an "Aryan race". The Swastika symbolised the replacement of the Christian Cross with allegiance to a National Socialist State. This Iranian necklace is from the first millennium BC.

Postcard sent in June 1910 Native American basketball team in An wearing a swastika medallion in The symbol was popular as a good luck charm with early aviators.

The Aryan Race? From the early days of colonisation (starting in the 1600s) until after World War II, many people in Western society firmly believed in the superiority of people of Western European decent. Many crack pot ‘scientific’ theories were devised to ‘prove’ this. i.e.: Craniometry: measuring features of skulls, Eugenics: basically a breeding programme to encourage ‘desirable’ population traits

The Aryan Race? The belief in the existence of an “Aryan Race”. was central to the Nazi philosophy. They considered Aryans the "master race" or “Herrenvolk” It held that Aryans had been responsible for all advances in civilization and morality in world history, and that Jews wanted to destroy it.

In what ways was Nazi ideology “nationalist” and “socialist”? Nationalist: Nationalism is the (extreme) love of one’s own country. Nazis were extremely nationalistic: “Deutschland über alles” (Germany above everything). The NSDAP was strongly against non-nationalist leftist political movements, such as Communist, Social Democratic parties and anyone considered to be part of or aiding so-called "international Jewry“

In what ways was Nazi ideology “nationalist” and “socialist”? Socialist: The “socialist” tag was adopted because initially the NSDAP believed that Social Welfare was the business of the State, not of the Church as it was in those days. Socialist rhetoric was used to appeal to unemployed workers. Once in power in 1933, Hitler effectively ignored the ‘socialist’ aspect.

More –isms: Key elements of Nazism were: anti-parliamentarism, pan-germanism, racism, collectivism, eugenics, antisemitism, anti-communism, totalitarianism opposition to economic liberalism and political liberalism

The rise of Hitler Hitler hated the communists but was impressed by their use of violence to get what they wanted. In November 1922 he said: “The communists teach ‘If you will not be my brother, I will bash you skull in.’ Our motto shall be ‘If you will not be a German, I will bash your skull in.’ We cannot succeed without a struggle. We have to fight with ideas but, if necessary, also with our fists.”

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The effect of the Great Depression 1929: Wall Street Crash in New York Economies all over the world severely affected America had to recall its loans from Europe, particularly from Germany where US companies had made large investments German economy had been very strong between 1923 – 1929, but collapsed immediately after the Wall Street Crash. Germans had hyperinflation and high unemployment still fresh in mind; they became dissatisfied and disillusioned with Weimar Government. This made Germans more prepared to listen to extremists such as communists and Nazis.

Homework Read page 348 – 351 Go to vanweringh11.wikispaces.com, copy these questions and use page 348 to answer them: The name of the founder of the DAP is ….. DAP stands for (German name) …… and means: ……. On (month + year) Hitler was put in charge of propaganda and in (year) Hitler took over the leadership of the party. He changed the name to (full name in German). Hitler chose the Swastika as the party’s emblem because… He drew up a 25 point party plan which showed the aims of the party. An example of a nationalist aim of the NSDAP is: An example of a socialist aim of the NSDAP is: An example of a anti-Semitic aim of the NSDAP is: An example of some other aims of the NSDAP:

Neo-Nazi Lonsdale link 96.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/ stm