Exam Review Topics: Islamic Civilization, Byzantine Empire and Early Russia Exam – Friday (1/29/16)

Islam Meaning: Surrendering oneself to Allah Meaning: Surrendering oneself to Allah Hegira - Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina – 622 A.D. – Year 1 on the Muslim calendar Hegira - Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to Medina – 622 A.D. – Year 1 on the Muslim calendar 5 Pillars of Islam 5 Pillars of Islam Declaration of Faith Declaration of Faith Prayer Prayer - 5 times a day - face the holy city of Mecca Give Alms to the poor Give Alms to the poor Fasting Fasting Hajj Hajj

Islam Caliph – political and religious successor of Muhammad Caliph – political and religious successor of Muhammad Shiites Shiites Caliphs should only be descendants of Muhammad Caliphs should only be descendants of Muhammad Umayyad Dynasty – Political Center/Capital - Damascus Umayyad Dynasty – Political Center/Capital - Damascus Abbasid Dynasty – Political Center/Capital - Baghdad Abbasid Dynasty – Political Center/Capital - Baghdad Contributions Contributions Medical Textbooks Medical Textbooks Architecture featuring minarets Architecture featuring minarets The Thousand and One Nights The Thousand and One Nights Algebra Algebra

Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity - form of Christianity that emerged in the Byzantine Empire Orthodox Christianity - form of Christianity that emerged in the Byzantine Empire Church built in Constantinople by Justinian – Hagia Sophia Church built in Constantinople by Justinian – Hagia Sophia Greek was the official language Greek was the official language Fell in 1453 A.D. – Ottoman Turks Fell in 1453 A.D. – Ottoman Turks

Early Russia Two missionaries responsible for the creation of the written script for Slavic language - Cyril and Methodius (Cyrillic Alphabet) Two missionaries responsible for the creation of the written script for Slavic language - Cyril and Methodius (Cyrillic Alphabet) Mongols (Tartars) - responsible for the conquest of Kievan Russia after 1236 Mongols (Tartars) - responsible for the conquest of Kievan Russia after 1236