Working with Tribal Communities What Do I Need to Know? Presented By: John Brooding, DCSS Statewide Training Aaron Powers, El Dorado County LCSA Stacey Bixby, DCSS Policy Unit

Workshop Overview ■Introduction ■Definitions ■Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Tribal Community Protocol ■Department of Child Support Services (DCSS) Policy ■Tribal Liaisons Roles and Responsibilities

Introduction ■Workshop Purpose ■DCSS Respects Sovereignty ✷ 108 Tribes in California ✷ 15 Tribal service providers ✷ 21 Tribal courts ✷ Approximately 67 Tribes operate casinos

Definitions ■Indian ■Indian Country ■Reservation ■Tribe ■Trust Land ■Sovereignty ■Trust Responsibility

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Native American Tribes – Sovereign Nations ■Tribal Relations ✷ European and Tribal Relations ✷ United States and Tribal Relations ■Tribal Cultures Stereotypes and Misconceptions

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Four Major Eras of Federal Policy Used to Describe U.S./Tribal Relations 1.Colonial America 2.Removal/Reservation 3.Assimilation/Termination 4.Self Determination

Historical and Cultural Impacts 1. Colonial America ■European Countries Vying for Economic Control ■Native American Populations ■Disease ■European Negotiations ■Treaties Bring Peace and Compromise

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Events in the California Region ✷ Spanish Missions ✷ Mexican Rancho System ✷ Catholic Missionaries in Southern California ✷ Conversion to Catholicism

Historical and Cultural Impacts 2. Removal/Reservation ■Judge Marshall and the Cherokee Case Laws ■Cherokee Nation v. Georgia ■Worcester v. Georgia ■Voluntary Removal of Native People ■Trail of Tears

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Events in the California Region ✷ California controlled by Mexican Government ✷ California Territory becomes a state ✷ Desperation and hostility ✷ Treaties not upheld ✷ Federal Appropriations

Historical and Cultural Impacts 3. Assimilation/Termination ■Citizenship and Land Claims ■The General Allotment Act of 1887 ■Compulsory Schooling for Native Children ■Howard-Wheeler Act of 1934 ■Federal Indian Policy

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Events in the California Region ✷ Sherman Outing Program Students ✷ Conversion efforts ✷ 36 tribes in California voted to terminate ✷ California native population nearly doubles after WWII ✷ BIA Relocation program

Historical and Cultural Impacts 4. Self Determination ■Indian Civil Rights Act ■Indian Financing Act of 1974 ■Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 ■Indian Child Welfare Act 1978 ■Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 ■President Clinton’s Executive Orders

Historical and Cultural Impacts ■Events in the California Region ✷ Casinos and economic development ✷ Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families ( TANF) programs ✷ Cultural and historical preservation efforts ✷ Museums and Heritage centers ✷ Powwows and community events

Historical and Cultural Impacts Culture ■Historical Trauma ■Distrust and Apprehension ■Reconstruction ■Retaining Tribal Identities ■Shaping their Own Culture

Tribal Community Protocol ■Tribal Values Emphasize Family/Clan/Group/Tribe ■Cornerstones that Encourage Trust ✷ Demonstrate respect and seek advice ✷ Publically acknowledge Tribal participation ✷ Know your local Tribe ✷ Follow through on commitments

DCSS Policy ■Tribal Governments Establish their Own Laws ■Income Withholding Orders (IWO), National Medical Support Notices (NMSN), and Service of Process ■Cooperative Agreements Between Local Child Support Agencies (LCSAs) and Local Tribal Council ■DCSS Encourages LCSAs to Establish Communication

DCSS Policy ■Enforcing Existing Tribal Court Orders ■Paternity Establishment ■LCSA Tribal Court Appearance

Tribal Liaisons Roles and Responsibilities ■Promoting Relationship with Tribal Government ■Subject Matter Expert – Point of Contact ■Tribal Education and Outreach

Works Cited ■Adams, David Wallace. “Education for Extinction”, University of Kansas Press: ■Canby, William C, Jr. “ American Indian Law in a Nutshell”, West Group, St. Paul MN: ■CSSIN Letter ■Hobbs, Frank and Nicole Stoops. “Demographic Trends in the 20th Century Census” ■2000 Special Reports. “US Census Bureau”, November, Retrieved from ■Johnston-Dodds, Kimberley. “Early California Laws and Policies Related to California Indians.” California Research Bureau, California State Library: September, ■Lidot, Paul and Karen Kolb-Williamson, “Tribal Star Program” 2005 ■OCSE, Admin. for Children and Families, “Tribal and State Jurisdiction to Establish and Enforce Child Support”. Dec 2005 ■Pevar, Stephen L. “The Rights of Indians and Tribes”, Southern Illinois Press: ■Prucha, Francis Paul. “American Indian Treaties”, University of California Press: ■Rawls, James, J. “Indians of California”, University of Oklahoma Press: References