Orbital Diagrams Hund’s Rule

Since electrons repel, they want to stay as far away from each other as possible. So they occupy different orbitals until they have to pair up.

Hund’s Rule In a sublevel, every orbital gets one electron before any orbital gets a pair. Example: e - config. for carbon: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 1s2s2p orbitals sublevel energy level

Hund’s Rule e - config. for oxygen: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 1s2s2p orbitals sublevel energy level

Orbital Diagrams Show the arrangement of electrons in orbitals within an atom. Use boxes to represent orbitals. One arrow (↑) represents 1 e -. 2 arrows (↑↓) rep. 2 e -.

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for hydrogen. e - config: 1s 1 1s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for helium. e - config: 1s 2 1s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for lithium. e - config: 1s 2 2s 1 1s2s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for beryllium. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 1s2s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for boron. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for carbon. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for nitrogen. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for oxygen. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for fluorine. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for neon. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 1s2s2p

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for sodium. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 1s2s2p3s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for magnesium. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 1s2s2p3s

Orbital Diagrams Orbital diagram for aluminum. e - config: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 1 1s2s2p3s3p

Orbital Diagrams Practice Board

Orbital Diagrams Practice Sheet

Opening video. Journal, how do you explain? Diamagnetic levitation

Do magnetic example from Ms. Wilson, it is in the storage room

Paramagnetic Diamagnetic Molecules

Electron Magnetic Field Created by rotating charge.

Paramagnetic Orbital diagram for Phosphorus (P). e - config: 3p 3 3p Because unpaired electrons can orient in either direction, they exhibit magnetic moments that can align with a magnet

Diamagnetic Orbital diagram for neon (Ne). e - config: 3p 6 3p Because the paired electrons are “locked” in position and cancel each others magnetic fields.

Diamagnetic Levitation Video – a frog in a strong magnetic field Graphite on magnets MRI application video

Diamagnetism of Water How many electrons in Oxygen? How many electrons in Hydrogen? Write orbital diagram for each. Write combined orbital diagram for molecular water.

Diamagnetis m of Water

Paramagnetis m of Molecular Oxygen (O 2 )

Video Video – liquid nitrogen vs. liquid Oxygen: magnetism