Science in Primary 4 Master Nopphadol Panyadee. A guide to the many parts of the human eye and how they function.

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Presentation transcript:

Science in Primary 4 Master Nopphadol Panyadee

A guide to the many parts of the human eye and how they function.

The Cornea The cornea is the "window" of the eye (like a watch crystal). It is the clear part of the eye, through which the colored part of the eye is seen. It is the main source of refraction. The cornea is made up of five layers of strong clear tissue. The first layer (epithelium) is made up of rapidly- replaced cells that allow for fast healing (24-48 hrs) of surface injuries. The last four layers add rigidity, provide a barrier against infection and keep the cornea clear.

The Sclera The outer "white part" of an eye is the sclera. This tough structure is the outer wall of the eye that gives protection to the delicate inner structures.

The Iris This colored part of the eye has very fine muscles to control the size of the pupil.

The Pupil The pupil is the black-appearing spot in the center of the iris. Its size changes since its function is to control the amount of light reaching the retina. In the dark, it expands allowing more light to enter. It contracts in bright light to keep out excess light.

The Lens This controls 1/3 of the refraction of light that enters the eye (the cornea, the other 2/3). Located just behind the pupil it allows for changing of focus from distance to near objects by altering its shape. This changing focus is called accommodation. As a person ages the lens hardens and accommodation becomes more difficult.

The Retina This membrane lines the inside wall of the eye. It contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that change light into sight by converting light into electrical impulses. These electrical messages are sent from the retina to the brain and interpreted as images.

The Optic Nerve This nerve is the pathway that the light rays take from the retina to the processing center of the brain. It actually is made of about a million tiny nerves bundled together.

References nat.html

Thank you Master Nopphadol Panyadee Department of Science St. Louis College Chachoengsao