Standard 2.3 Formation of Ions

Octet Rule Atoms will behave in such a way that they will achieve a complete octet of valence electrons.

Octet Rule Atoms will behave in such a way that they will achieve a complete octet of valence electrons. A complete octet means 8 (or zero) electrons in the valence level.

Metals

Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations.

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost.

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium Magnesium Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium1 Magnesium Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11 Magnesium Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium2 Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22 Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum3

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum33

Metals Metals tend to lose their valence electrons to form cations. Cation – a positively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are lost. ElementValence e - Electrons LostIon formed Sodium11Na + Magnesium22Mg 2+ Aluminum33Al 3+

What will be the charge on a barium ion (Ba)?

With 2 valence electrons, barium will form an ion with a 2 + charge.

Transition metal ions

Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible.

Transition metal ions Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with.

Transition metal ions Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with. Transition metal ions require a roman numeral after the element name to indicate which charge is present (iron(II) and iron(III)).

Transition metals are unique in that they generally have more than one charge possible. Iron can form ions of 2 + or 3 + depending on what it reacts with. Transition metal ions require a roman numeral after the element name to indicate which charge is present (iron(II) and iron(III)). Zinc and silver never get a roman numeral since zinc will always have a charge of 2 + and silver is always 1 +.

Nonmetals

Nonmetals tend to gain valence electrons to form anions.

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained.

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine oxygen carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine7 oxygen carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71 oxygen carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen6 carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62 carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon4

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon44

Nonmetals Nonmetals tend to lose their valence electrons to form anions. Anion – a negatively charged ion formed when one or more electrons are gained. ElementValence e - # of electrons gained Ion symbol chlorine71Cl - oxygen62O 2- carbon44C 4-

Determine the charge on the fluoride ion.

With 7 valence electrons, fluorine will tend to gain one electron giving it a charge of 1 -.