Japan

History Timeline

Geography of Japan Four main islands Mountainous; only 11 percent is arable land Ring of Fire »How do you think the geography affected the people and history of Japan?

Yamato Period: Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: a Confucianism. a Language (kanji characters). a Buddhist sects. a Chinese art & architecture. a Government structure. Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture: a Confucianism. a Language (kanji characters). a Buddhist sects. a Chinese art & architecture. a Government structure.

Prince Shotoku Taishi:  Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism. a Buddhist sects allowed to develop. a Created a new government structure:  17 Article Constitution in 604.

Heian Period: Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates. a Arts & literature of China flourished. a Elaborate court life [highly refined]  ETIQUETTE. Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates. a Arts & literature of China flourished. a Elaborate court life [highly refined]  ETIQUETTE.

Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)

Lady Murasaki Shikibu

Heian Period: Cultural Selective Borrowing 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism [in the form of ZEN]. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism [in the form of ZEN]. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!

Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate:

Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

FeudalismFeudalism Japan: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food

Hostage System The shogunate controlled the daimyo by requiring them to have two homes; one on their land and one in Edo Samurai were to secure and protect the property and honor of their daimyo

Samurai’s Code: Code of Bushido * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity Loyalty to one’s Lord

Seppuku: Ritual Suicide It is honorable to die in this way.

Samurai Sword

Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense A COTTON BREECH CLOUT A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)

BILLOWING PANTALOONS, BILLOWING PANTALOONS, worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement STURDY SHINGUARDS STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front AN EXQUISITE BROCADE AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14 th Century imperial prince

FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Lord Knight Peasant Land - Fief Protection Loyalty Food

Code of Chivalry * * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility * * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility

European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

Zen Buddhism a A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China. a It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self- discipline.

Mongol “Invasions” of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.

Ashikaga Age: ► Shoguns fought for power. a Laws are unclear. a Less efficient than the Kamakura. a Armies of samurai protected the country.

The Age of the Warring States: ( ) a Castles built on hills in different provinces. a Power shifts from above to below.  Europeans arrive in Japan bringing firearms & Christianity. a Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

Oda Nobunaga ( ) a Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun. a Unifies a large part of Japan. a Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun. a Unifies a large part of Japan.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi ( ) a Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.  Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. a Tries to invade Korea and China, but fails. a By 1590, persuades most of the daimyo to accept his authority.

Catholic Jesuits in Japan [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia] St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki Today

Tokugawa Ieyasu ( ) Appointed shogun by the Emperor. a Appointed shogun by the Emperor.  Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  Warriors.  Farmers.  Artisans.  Merchants.

Tokugawa Shogunate Period  Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese].  The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor. a Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden. a The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.

Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase. Merchant class becomes rich! Eta class is discriminated against. New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater. –Government officials feared that Kabuki may corrupt the morals of the Japanese; so they forbid women from participating. Tokugawa Shogunate Period cont.

KOREA

Geography Slightly larger than MN Mountainous Three separate kingdoms emerged: –Koguryo –Paekche –Silla – eventually won control »How did the geography of Korea affect its development and history?

How did the geography of Korea affect its development and history? Strongly influenced by the Chinese and Japanese Adopted Chinese political institutions to unify the territory under the Koryo Kingdom

Yi Dynasty Took control after overthrowing the Kyoro Dynasty Selectively borrowed from the Chinese –Social stratification was the same –Written language was unique Constantly being bombarded by outsiders, the Korean rulers cut off contact with foreigners. (Hermit Kingdom) Fell to control of the Manchus when the Qing Dynasty was established in China.