Chapter 7 Biology Cell structure and function. Discovery of cells In mid-1600’s microscopes were being used to observe living things 1665 Robert Hooke.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 Biology Cell structure and function

Discovery of cells In mid-1600’s microscopes were being used to observe living things 1665 Robert Hooke (englishman) looked at cork

Hooke Looked at cork and discovered that there were chambers Reminded him of monastery’s rooms called cells

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Holland Pond Water Tiny living things in the water

Matthias Schleiden 1838 from Germany Concluded that all plants were made of cells

Theodor Schwann 1839 from Germany All animals were made from cells and stole Schleiden’s work

Rudolph Virchow 1855 from Germany Was a physician All new cells could be produced only from the division of existing cells

Cell Theory 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3.New cells are produced from existing cells

Nucleus Large membrane covered structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Prokaryote Cells that does not contain nuclei

Eukaryotes Cells that contain nuclei

Prokaryotes Smaller than eukaryotes Much more simple than eukaryotes Do have genetic material that floats in the cytoplasm Bacteria Are living

Eukaryotes Larger than prokaryotes Much more complicated than prokaryotes Have internal membranes and structures Highly specialized Great variety of cells Some unicellular and some multicellular

Unicellular Single cell organisms Grow, reproduce, transform energy Dominate life on earth

Multicellular Made of many cells Cell specialization – cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks

Specialized animal cells Red blood cells transport oxygen Pancreas has specialized cells to produce proteins Muscle cells

Specialized plant cells Have guard cells near stomata to control opening and closing

Levels of organization 1.Individual cells 2.Tissues 3.Organs 4.Organ system 5.Organism

Tissue Group of similar cells that perform a particular function Four types –Muscle –Epithelial –Nervous –Connective

Organs Groups of tissues

Organ system Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

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