Lower Limb

Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Innervation Femoral nerve Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery

Quadriceps Origin Femur Insertion Patella Action Extends the knee Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

Adductors Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis Insertion Femur shaft Action Adducts thigh Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

Gracilis Origin Inferior ramus of pubis Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery

Semitendinosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Semimembranosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Medial tibial condyle Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Long Head of Biceps Femoris Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Fibular head Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion 1 st metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Middle and distal phalanges Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

Fibularis Longus Origin Head of fibula Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries

Fibularis Brevis Origin Fibula Insertion 5th metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery

Gastrocnemius Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery

Soleus Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries

Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Tibia Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

Tibialis Posterior Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Various locations at the base of foot Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries