1 Canadian Geography 1202: Globalization

In this unit students are expected to: 1. explain the concept of globalization 2. compare Canada’s position to other countries in the global village 3. respond to global issues facing Canada 2

This unit will help you understand the opportunities and challenges facing Canada in the future 3

Consider… 4

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There are three categories in which globalization can be examined: 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Cultural 6

What is Globalization? Globalization is the increasing integration of economies, trade, financial services and cultures from around the world 7

We are a “global village” Advances in technology, international trade, and travel bring people closer together 8

We are connected to the world around us in many ways; through tourism, trade, sports, technology, and communication systems The connections that tie Canada to the rest of the world will continue to grow 9

Signifies advances in technology, especially in communication and transportation Term first used by Marshall McLuhan from the University of Toronto We are completely surrounded by products from all over the world 10

Globalization: Canada’s Role Canada is a member of the global community. What does this mean? What role should our government, citizens play in this new and changing global community? There are many challenges! 11

International Organizations Canada is a member of many international organizations. Canada’s aim is to promote commonly shared values, such as democracy and equality, through participation in these organizations: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Commonwealth La Francophonie G7 G20 12

International Organizations International Criminal Court North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Organization of American States (OAS) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) United Nations (UN) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 13

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Global Issues 15

Globalization and Canada…the Impact Globalization is often driven by economic factors (i.e. lowering cost of production) Meant lower priced products for Canadian consumers. Businesses profits have increased 16

Meant job losses. Manufacturers have moved to places with lower labour costs 17

Video Clothing Factory Collapses in Bangladesh – A Global Connection e=player_embedded&v=onD5UOP5z_c 18

Globalization Activity Identify ten things you use to get ready for school. Where do they come from? Place them on a map of the world 19

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Globalization: Canada’s Position Compared to Other Countries We have looked at how Canada is connected to our global village Let’s compare Canada’s position to other countries 21

Although countries have different languages, cultures, history, government and economic development, we can group them based upon similarities 22

We can group countries based upon their “standard of living”. Standard of living includes social and economic indicators These indicators tell us about a country’s wealth and the human side of life 23

Countries are organized into three groups: 1.Developing 2.Newly Industrialized 3.Developed 24

1.Developing Countries Low standard of living Many sub-Saharan countries (25% poverty face hunger) Economy focused on primary industries (farming). Little manufacturing Very little income Poor infrastructure (roads, schools and health care system 25

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2. Newly Industrialized Between developing and developed countries Include Brazil, India and China Economies have traditionally been agriculture. Moving toward industrializing and developing secondary industries, such as manufacturing and technology 27

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3. Developed Countries High standard of living High Gross Domestic Product (GDP), strong economy, well developed infra- structure, strong social network including healthcare and education Primary resouce extraction, but also well developed secondary and tertiary sectors to process and sell goods 29

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A Global Look… 31

Human Development Index (HDI) Used to measure well being of people, especially children Examines three factors: Life expectancy Education levels/literacy rates Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 32

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Video Can nations catch up? Hans Rosling: New Insights on Poverty _reveals_new_insights_on_poverty 36

Free Trade A policy between international governments in which they do not restrict imports or exports between countries 37

Rules for free trade are set by the World Trade Organization (WTO) 38

Rules often favor richest companies, farmers and business people How? Through “subsidies”. Monies given by government to companies. 39

Subsidies are paid by gov’t in wealthy countries. Farmers in developing countries cannot compete 40

Free Trade: NAFTA In 1992, Canada, USA and Mexico signed the “North America Free Trade Agreement” Purpose was to encourage trade between the three Eliminated tariffs and fees on trade between the three countries 41

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