Theme: the World economy and its basic signs. THE PLAN: 1. Concept of the world economy, export of the capital, the reason and the form. 2. World trade and the world market. Migration of labour. 3. The international currency relations, a policy, courses. 4. Economic aspects, global problems of the present

1. The modern world economy - is dialectic set, integrity, coherence of national economy of the various countries.

Three laws have led to creation of the modern world economy: Three laws have led to creation of the modern world economy: The world market; The international division of labour; The international infrastructure;

The world economy has passed in the development some historical stages: домашинный; The machine; The end XIX - the beginning of XX centuries; The modern stage - is characterised not only integration processes in development of the world market and mezhdunarod - ном division of labour, but also the new qualitative phenomenon in development of a world infrastructure (not only????? But also an information infrastructure)

There are 2 objective laws of coherence and integrity of the world economy: Universal character of productive forces; общеэкономические laws;

On boundary XIX-XX centuries on change of export of the goods capital export comes. Necessity of export of the capital obus - ловлена its "surplus" in the developed states of the world. The capital is taken out in 2 forms: - The enterprise capital; - The loan capital;

Positive negative sides of the countries taking out and importing the capital: For taking out: + get profit big, than at itself; + invest the capital in those branches which cannot be developed or not favourably develop in the country; The capital from the country flows away;

For the importing: + new branches of manufacture develop; + new workplaces; - Economic dependence;

Features of export of the capital at the present stage: It is taken out to the developed countries; The state export of the capital over the private prevails; Exporters of the capital change;

There are following principal views of integration associations: 1. A zone of free trade when the countries- participants are limited to cancellation of traffic walls in mutual trade; 2. The customs union when free moving of the goods and services in grouping supplements uniform custom duties in relation to the third countries and is created system of proportional distribution of customs incomes;

3. A common market when barriers between the countries not only in mutual trade, but also for moving the worker of force and the capital are liquidated; thus, the common market is a common market of the goods, services, capitals, labour; 4. The economic union including a common market and carrying out of uniform economic policy, system creation mezhgosudarst - венного regulations socially-ekonomiches ких the processes proceeding in region;

5. The currency union assuming ekonomi - ческий the union based on uniform bankovs - which to system and finally on uniform currency; 6. The political union.

World economy structure (The present period): The world market of the goods and services; The world market of capitals; The labour world market; The international currency system; The international credit and financial system

Subjects of the world economy are: The states from them is ными complexes; Transnational corporations; The international organisations and institutes;

2. Necessity of world trade it is caused by following reasons: Non-uniformity of development of various branches of various economy; Non-uniformity of development of various branches of various economy; Aspiration of businessmen to boundless expansion of the enterprises, to profit reception; Possibility to catch a superfluous additional product; Possibility to receive exclusive superprofit at the expense of a nonequivalent exchange;

The foreign trade policy - of the politician which spends the state in the field of foreign trade. There are 4 systems of foreign trade: Protectionism;фритидерства; Custom duties; Customs-duty;

Protectionism system - introduction of the high customs duties on the imported goods. System фритредерства – system of import of the goods possible duty-free or assessed with the insignificant duty

System-customs the tariff-it sis - тематизированный the list of duties with which the governments assess neko - торые the goods which are imported into the country or taken out from it. System-customs-duty-it the taxes raised by the state for transportation through border, the country of the goods, property, values.

On object of collection the customs duties happen: The export The export The import The import Transit (for transit conveyance) Transit (for transit conveyance) On a way of collection they share on: адвалорные (from the goods price) Specific (from weight, volume, quantity of the goods) The mixed

Migration - moving of people or the whole people in search of the best living conditions and work. The first migration-delivery of black slaves on the American continent. The second - migration from Europe in the countries of New light.

2 forms of migration of labour: The territorial; The professional; Has 2 parties: The positive; The negative; The basic world markets of labour: Oil-producing countries of the Near East; In countries of Western Europe; THE USA; Latin America (Argentina);

Currency relations - set of the economic relations arising at functioning of money in the international mutual relations.

Currency relations arise and develop: On the basis of deepening of the international division of labour; On the basis of growth of degree of the international nationalisation of manufacture; World economy formation;

Subjects of currency relations are: The enterprises which are carrying out foreign trade activities; Physical persons; Banks; The states in the name of the controls;

Distinguish: - National currency system - establishes principles of the organisation and regulation of currency relations of this or that state which are fixed in its currency legislation; - The international currency system - represents the certain form of the organisation of the international currency settlement and credit relations fixed by interstate arrangements;

The rate of exchange acts as the price of monetary unit of one country, expressed in monetary units of other countries. Rates of exchange happen: Fixed - course parity of the national monetary unit rigidly established by the state with foreign Floating - when the course is formed directly during an exchange of monetary units in the currency market under the influence of supply and demand;

The currency policy uses 2 methods: Currency intervention – sale or purchase of means in national currency official bodies of the country for its influence on demand or the offer in the market for the purpose of change of its course; Policy of expensive money – increase of the interest rate which does more attractive investments into the given country. Inflow inostranno - го the capital raises demand for national currency and its course raises;

4. The mankind history allocates 2 systems of relations: Relations of the person and society with the nature; Relations in the society;

Criteria which allow to allocate global problems and set of others, facing mankind: Criteria which allow to allocate global problems and set of others, facing mankind: Universal character of a problem (infringes on interests of all countries or the majority); In a case нерешенности such problem there is a threat to all mankind, recourse in development of productive forces; Need in urgent and resolute actions on the basis of the collective and co-ordinated efforts of all world community;

means that this sort of problem infringes on interests of all classes and the social classes, all countries and the planet people; this problem influences all spheres of public life and affects a state of affairs in all areas of a planet, though and with different degree of a sharpness. means that this sort of problem infringes on interests of all classes and the social classes, all countries and the planet people; this problem influences all spheres of public life and affects a state of affairs in all areas of a planet, though and with different degree of a sharpness.

Global problems can be grouped in 3rd spheres of action: 1. Problems interactions of the nature arising in sphere and societies: Reliable maintenance of mankind with raw materials, energy the foodstuffs; Environment preservation; Development of resources of world ocean; Mastering by a space;

2. Problems of public mutual relations: Relations between the states; Overcoming of backwardness of developing countries; Local both international crises and shocks;

3. Problems of development of the person and maintenance of its future: Problems of the adaptation of the modern person to changing conditions of the natural and social environment under the influence of a scientific and technological revolution occurring in the world; Questions of a modern urbanization; Struggle against epidemics and most a serious illness; Cultural wealth of the person;

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