Chapter 10 sec. 3&4

Problems With Foreign Powers

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Jefferson advised the U.S. to be friendly with all nations, but not to ally with any T.J. wanted to keep the U.S. separated from foreign problems – But the expansion of US borders and the growth of our trade industry brought conflict with other nations

Britain and France still at War 1805, Britain & France tried to limit U.S. shipping to Europe – Neither side wanted us to send supplies to their enemy – Both sides began to seize U.S. ships Between 1803 & 1812 the British impressed about 6,000 U.S. sailors

Jefferson didn’t not want to go to war – Heavily criticized for not asking congress for a declaration of war after a U.S. vessel was attacked right off the coast of Virginia.

Jefferson Prevents War To avoid bloodshed T.J. asked congress to pass legislation that would stop foreign trade Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807 – U.S. ships couldn’t sail to foreign ports – U.S. ports closed to the British

The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than Britain and France – Hurt Jefferson politically – Jefferson lost the election of 1808 James Madison became president

Trouble in the Indiana Territory – Thousands of Americans settlers moved west – They believed that the British were still stirring up trouble with N.A.s Tecumseh (Shawnee Chief) tried to unit the different tribes to prevent the loss of his land – His efforts were halted after the Battle of Tippecanoe

Tecumseh and his warriors found refuge with the British in Canada – This enraged many Westerners. Henry Clay was among many of the Westerners who called for war with the British – They were know as War Hawks – They wanted British aid to N.A.s to stop & the British out of Canada

Assignment Read pages – Answer ?’s #2-4 – Title Paper Chp 10 sec 3

War of 1812

The War Begins Britain wanted to avoid war with U.S. – still at war with France They announced that they would no longer interfere with U.S. shipping, but the mail didn’t reach the U.S. state department in time. Madison’s request for war was approved June 18, 1812

The Dem.Rep.s that were in charge had reduced the military to less than 7,000 soldiers and 16 naval ships The military was poorly equipped with little training

First Phase of the War Protect the N.W. – Despite the size of the Navy – they were the fastest warships on the sea – Lots of experience fighting Mediterranean pirates The most important Naval victory took place on Lake Erie where the U.S. had been building a fleet – Commodore Perry was in charge of the fleet and commander of the Lawrence After encountering the British he reported back: “We have met the enemy and they are ours”

The Naval victories on Lake Erie force the British to retreat into Canada U.S. General Harrison and his troops followed the British into Canada and defeated them in the Battle of the Thames. – This ended the British threat in the N.W. – Tecumseh died

Second Phase of the War 1814 – The British had defeated the French and now focused there entire force on the U.S. The British sacked the state capitol, burned down the Capitol building and the president’s mansion – Dolly Madison – stayed behind to save some important artifacts from the house

After burning the Capitol, the British turned their attention to Fort McHenry on the Baltimore coast The British bombed the fort relentlessly, but when they move their troops in to take the fort, the British were defeated – Francis Scott Key was detained on a British ship in the harbor where he watched the battle Major George Armistead ordered the largest flag they had be flow so the British would have “no difficulty seeing it.”

The American victory on Lake Champlain prevented the British from their plan to isolate New England. In the South, the British moved on New Orleans – Gen. Andrew Jackson’s defense of N.O. made him a hero – The battle took place two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed

The Legacy of the War There wasn’t a clear winner – No land changed hands American patriotism is increased U.S. manufacturing increased Weakened N.A. resistance

Read pages 330 – 333 Answer section review ?’s #2-4 Title paper Chp 10 sec 4