Mineral Definitions How they Form Minerals Notes Mineral Definitions How they Form

5 Points to Minerals Natural Occurring Solid Orderly Crystalline Structure Definite Chemical Composition Considered Inorganic

Naturally Occurring 1 Naturally Occurring  NOTHING MANMADE

Solid 2 Solid  In Normal living temp. Minerals are solid.

Orderly Crystalline Structure 3 Orderly Crystalline Structure  atoms are arranged in orderly pattern. Tetrahedron

Tetrahedron is a pyramid with a triangular base

Types of Silicate minerals and their crystalline shape and structure. Notice the Silicon to Oxygen ratio, as this increases, the likelihood of it chemically weathering decreases.

Question 1 How many sides does the base of a tetrahedron have? 3 4 5

CORRECT

INCORRECT

Definite Chemical Composition 4 Definite Chemical composition  Exact perfect mix or ratio of chemicals forms mineral.

Inorganic Considered Inorganic  or Does not come from living things.

Question 2 Which of the following is not a mineral rule? Definite Chemical Composition Solid Organic Orderly Crystalline Structure

CORRECT

Question #3 Coal is NOT a mineral because… It occurs naturally It is a solid It is organic

CORRECT

4 ways minerals form Crystallization from Magma Precipitation Pressure and Temperature Hydrothermal Solutions

Crystallization from Magma As Magma, or lava under ground cools  different elements harden before others. Iron first and Silicon Last.

Example Olivine

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Precipitation Precipitation  Water containing dissolved minerals evaporates  leaves behind precipitated mineral.

Example

Pressure and Temperature Preexisting Minerals  are subject to extra heat and or pressure  rearranges crystalline structure  rearranges properties.

Pressure and Temp Example  Talc

Heat and Pressure Limestone Marble

Hydrothermal Solutions Very Hot Water contains dissolved solutions  React with other minerals when in contact  forms new minerals.

Example  Chalcoapyrite

Pyroxene Amphibole Quartz Biotite Question #4 Which of the following minerals comes after Olivine in Bowens Reaction Series? Pyroxene Amphibole Quartz Biotite

CORRECT!

Olivine Salt Marble Galena Question #5 Which of the following is an example of a precipitate mineral? Olivine Salt Marble Galena

CORRECT!

Question #6 Which of the following was created from Heat and Pressure? Olivine Salt Chalcopyrite Talc

CORRECT!

Sulfates and Sulfides Silicates Carbonates Oxides Halides 6 Mineral Groups Sulfates and Sulfides Halides Native Elements Silicates Carbonates Oxides

Silicates Oxygen combines with Silicone to form a tetrahedron shape  /crystal E

Examples Olivine Pyroxene Quartz

Calcite = CaCO3 Carbonates Contain Carbon, Oxygen and a metal. Calcite is the most common of the carbonate minerals.

Oxides Example = Rutile Titanium Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements  usually a metal. Oxides Example = Rutile Titanium

Sulfates and Sulfides Sulfides contain just a Sulfur and a metal. Like Iron Sulfide or FeS2. Sulfates contain a Sulfate and a metal. Sulfate is different from Sulfide in that it contains an O with the S. Like FeSO4

Which of the following is the Sulfate? NiSO4 NiS4

CORRECT!

Halides F Halides are minerals that contain an element from the halogen family or… Cl Br I E

Halide Examples NaCl CaF NaI

Native Elements  Example Copper Gold Silver

Homework Page 49 Problems 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7