Foundations of International Foreign Policy
Definition Issues – Group versus individual genius Issues – individual versus group acceptance Issues – individual motivation within organization Issues – overwhelming belief in the “morality” of the majority
Symptoms of group think… Illusions of invulnerability Rationalizing warnings Unquestioned beliefs Stereotyping Direct pressure Self censorship Illusions of unanimity Mindguards
Examples (while these are negative consequence examples, group think can lead to a good decision) Bay of Pigs ( ) Space Shuttle Challenger (1986) Space Shuttle Columbia (2003) Invasion of Iraq (2003)