Trail of Tears Removal of Native Americans from their homeland

President Jefferson  Wanted to tie Indian Nations to U.S. with treaties. Gain land, trade, and allies. Gain land, trade, and allies.  Did not think Indians were inferior But wanted to change them But wanted to change them  Believed land belonged to Indians but… Wanted to use treaties to speed up process of gaining land for white settlement Wanted to use treaties to speed up process of gaining land for white settlement AND he hoped treaties would encourage Indians to adopt a European way of life. (Which is…?) AND he hoped treaties would encourage Indians to adopt a European way of life. (Which is…?)

New States  Northwest Ordinance of ,000 residents for statehood 60,000 residents for statehood  1812 Territory of Orleans becomes Louisiana Territory of Orleans becomes Louisiana Louisiana Territory renamed Missouri Territory Louisiana Territory renamed Missouri Territory War with the British begins War with the British begins

War of 1812  American Hopes Gain respect Gain respect Stop British colonization efforts Stop British colonization efforts Halt practice of impressment Halt practice of impressment Force of U.S. sailors to serve British navyForce of U.S. sailors to serve British navy  British won most battles Burned Washington D.C. Burned Washington D.C. Burned White House Burned White House

Battle of New Orleans  1815  Major General Andrew Jackson  Stop invading British Navy and Army forces  British forced to retreat  War was already over! Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent December 24, 1814 December 24, 1814

Effects of War  Clarified U.S. boundaries  Proved Americans’ strength and character  White settlers could continue moving west into Indians’ territory  Jackson became a national hero

General Jackson  Campaigns against tribes Creeks in Georgia Creeks in Georgia Seminole in Florida Seminole in Florida Harboring runaway slavesHarboring runaway slaves  Negotiated nine treaties Added land to southern U.S. Added land to southern U.S.

President Jackson  Elected in 1828  Jackson believed in relocation Best for settlers and Indians Best for settlers and Indians  Overlooked the fact that many had adopted a “civilized” lifestyle.  In 1834 Indian Territory was considered anything that was not part of another state or territory

It’s all about the land  Although the tribes had adopted some of the European ways, settlers were resentful  Whites continued to demand more land  In 1830 President Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act Supposed to negotiate treaties with tribes by which the tribes would exchange land they were living on for land in Indian Territory. Those who wished to remain were citizens of whichever state they were in. Supposed to negotiate treaties with tribes by which the tribes would exchange land they were living on for land in Indian Territory. Those who wished to remain were citizens of whichever state they were in.

Removal of the Five “Civilized” Tribes TribeTreatyYearGoal for GovernmentWhat Native Americans Got How the Removal Went All Indian Removal Act 1830 Get land and get land in Indian territory or become a citizen of the state they lived in. Land in Central Part of America Supposed to be peaceful and voluntary Choctaw Creek Chickasaw Cherokee Seminole Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek Get Native American land Land West of Mississippi, paid for education and relocation, provided goods Set up Government, Schools and Churches