Lesson 1: The Spanish Move North Social Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

In 1565, Pedro Menendez established what would become the 1st permanent European settlement in what is now the U.S. What was the name of this settlement? What nation established it? And geographically, why was the location significant?

In 1565, Pedro Menendez established what would become the 1st permanent European settlement in what is now the U.S. What was the name of this settlement, what nation established it, and geographically why was the location significant? Write your answers here:______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

During the 1500s and 1600s, New Spain expanded by establishing colonies in Florida and New Mexico

REMEMBER in Chapter 4… Spain wanted to expand their empire and sent Ponce de León to land in Florida where he claimed it for Spain. ALL BARK, NO BITE… But the actual empire only stretched from South America to Mexico. In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Avilés led a small fleet of Spanish warships to Florida

Pedro Menendez de Avilés – knowing of French settlements his mission was to: Find the French Defeat them Take control of Florida for Spain After a series of bloody battles, the French were defeated there & Florida became part of New Spain. The Spanish founded St. Augustine on the east coast of Florida

St. Augustine, Florida, was the first city founded by European settlers in North America which has been continually populated The Roanoke colony was established in 1585 Jamestown in The pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620.

New Mexico – the area named by the Spanish for the region north of the Rio Grande: Santa Fe – capital of New Mexico; founded in 1610 Pueblo, Apache, & Navajo people had been their for centuries The Spanish hoped to find gold & silver, but did not Also soon learned area was too hot/dry for most farming

haciendas – large estates on seized land owned by Spanish that took advantage of the large open grasslands of the region Self-sufficient communities (vegetable gardens, mills, workshops) Workers (mostly Native Americans) lived on the premises presidios – military forts built by Spanish to protect missions Missions were for converting Native Americans to Christianity El Camino Road – used to carry goods between Mexico City and Santa Fe (and also New Mexico) Known as the “Royal Road”

Popé – Pueblo leader who led a revolt against Spanish in New Mexico Pueblo Revolt (1680): Reasons : Enslaving Pueblo people Forcefully sending Pueblo people to Mexico Forced to work on ranches or missions Land taken by Spanish Forcing Pueblo people to give up traditional ways Facts : Pueblo attacked Spanish settlements killing hundreds of settlers Apache & Navajo fighters allied with the Pueblo Santa Fe was surrounded & ultimatum was issued Spanish refused but were later driven out of New Mexico from fierce fighting

Spanish move back into area in the early 1690’s: Reasons: Popé died Natives were not as unified as they once were Outcome: Spanish recaptured New Mexico from the Pueblo in 1692 Settlers & missionaries began moving back to New Mexico Hope was that the new moves would help keep territory & keep out France San Antonio – Texas town founded in 1718 by Spanish Father Junípero Serra – founded the 1 st Spanish mission in California

Lesson 2: French Explore the Mississippi Social Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

What did the French hope to gain by exploring the Mississippi?

In 1565, Pedro Menendez established what would become the 1st permanent European settlement in what is now the U.S. What was the name of this settlement, what nation established it, and geographically why was the location significant? Write your answers here:______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

FRENCH EXPLORATIONS OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER LED TO NEW FRENCH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA

Subtitle Remember “tributaries”?

Trading Posts - Where places where the French and Native Americans met to trade goods.

Mississippi River: French explorers were eager to explore it Control of it would allow them to reach new lands to build trading posts They still were looking for a river to flow west to the Pacific Ocean… REMEMBER the search for the Northwest Passage?

Subtitle

Jacques Marquette - French Missionary who set out to explore the Mississippi in Drew maps of the Mississippi & spoke many Native American languages Louis Jolliet – Was a fur trader who traveled with Marquette. After paddling almost 1,000 miles south, they both realized it was not the Northwest Passage and had to turn around

Robert La Salle - 9 years after Marquette, he continued the French exploration of the Mississippi River Wanted to find the mouth of the Mississippi Started from the St Lawrence River Reached the Gulf of Mexico and claimed all of the river and its tributaries for the King of France

Tributary - A stream or river that flows into a larger river

Louisiana - La Salle named all of the territory Louisiana for King Louis XIV of France Louisiana became part of New France New France was now a vast new empire

New Orleans - Founded in 1718 Was a French trading post like Detroit which grew into major American cities Part of the territory of Louisiana

Lesson 3: The French and Indian War Social Studies 5 th Grade Mr. Vida

What three (3) major keys to victory led the British in winning the French and Indian war? (Use pictures as clues from the PowerPoint.)

Write your answers here:______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

In the French and Indian War, the British, French, and Native Americans fought for control of a large part of North America.

George Washington – A young military leader from Virginia Fort Necessity – build by Washington and his soldiers

With the rapid expansion of the colonist population in the 1600s, an inevitable move westward began, into land inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years: Obviously, Native Americans resisted further English settlements Metacom – Wampanoag leader, & son of Massasoit (remember him?) 1675 – he led several NA groups into battle with settlers in New England Goal was to force the English out of New England

King Phillip’s War – Name given to Metacom by the English After 1 year of bitter fighting, Metacom was killed; English settlers won They now controlled most of New England backcountry – A rugged stretch of land near the Appalachian Mts. During the 1700s, families began moving here because land was becoming expensive

Ohio River Valley – A region of fertile land and thick forests along the Ohio River Across the Appalachian Mountains By middle 1700s, settlers were wanting to move farther west to it Other groups claimed these lands Powerful Native Tribes French claimed it as part of New France Conflict was soon to erupt

Ohio River Valley

Remember LaSalle from Chapter 2? He claimed all of the Mississippi & its tributaries for France. One of these tributaries is the Ohio River Therefor, France claimed the Ohio River & began building forts on the region Now Britain & France make claims on the same area Britain sent a stern letter with Washington for France to leave, France refused 4 months later, Washington returned & left again with 150 soldiers Plan to build fort at the strategic point where the Alleghany & Monongahela meet to join the Ohio River Have you been to this same area also?

Fort Duquesne – French built fort at the Three Rivers Point, Pitt. PA Before Washington arrived he learned that the French were already building a fort there Washington decided to try and capture it Fort Necessity – Washington stopped here on his way to F. Duquense Prior to arriving here, he attacked & defeated a group of French soldiers Later, at the Fort Necessity, the French attacked him with guerilla tactics, & Washington was forced to surrendered He then returned to Virginia, soaked from rain and exhausted.

French and Indian War –Britain vs French & American Indian allies These small battles were the start to the long war between Britain & France Washington decided to try and capture it Hendrick – Iroquois leader during the time of the war 1754, Britain tried to gain Native American allies at a meeting in Albany, NY Leaders of British colonies wanted the powerful Iroquois League as allies They resisted with Hendrick stating the British & French were: quarrelling about lands which belong to us, and their quarrel may end in our destruction”

2 nd attempt at Fort Duquesne : 1755, General Edward Braddock led 2,100 soldiers 8 miles from fort, attacked by French and Indian forces Washington later wrote, that many British soldiers panicked and “ran as sheep before the hounds” General Braddock was killed & British were defeated Was 1st in a series of French victories over the British. Things looked bleak

In 1758, worried in London, British sent more soldiers & began winning battles 1759, Iroquois also agreed to join the British side Iroquois leaders hoped that victory in battle would help them increase their power & maintain control of their lands Quebec – The capital of New France & key battle of the war British forces captured it in 1759 which helped win the war War officially ended with signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763

Post War info: Britain took over most of New France Spain gained control of lands west the Mississippi Traditional lands of many American Indian peoples were now part of the British empire British settlers were now eager to move into this land. Westward expansion!

Pontiac – Ottawa Indian leader who called on his warriors to revolt against the British in 1763 Many natives resisted the new British settlers He declared that Britain, “seeks only to destroy us.” Pontiac’s Rebellion – Native Americans from many tribes attacked British forts & settlements in the Ohio River valley & along the Great Lakes Pontiac won several victories before the British put down the rebellion

King George III – British king during this time Proclamation of 1763 – Said colonist were no longer allowed to settle on land west of the Appalachian Mountains Britain announced this official announcement after being alarmed by Pontiac’s Rebellion. They did not want to continue fighting Native Americans on lands won from France The king hoped this would prevent future Native American rebellions The proclamation was not popular among many colonist who wanted new lands to settle Tensions between colonist and the British government began to grow!

Proclamation of 1763 – What we will see… The colonist felt this was an attempt to keep them close to the Atlantic shore so they could be easily controlled England build a line of forts to prevent westward expansion England said the forts were for colonial protection therefor they taxed the colonist to pay for them We will next see how this plays out in Chapter 8, Lesson 1… Trouble Over Taxes